我有一个用于绘制 OpenGL 文本的基本库，并且每当我使用 valgrind 来确保它是气密的。我不断收到一个不寻常的错误，在我看来好像 linux c++ 库有问题。我想看看你们是否可以发现我的错误或验证我所担心的，那就是我的 c++ 库有问题，需要更换。代码非常简单，但它同时使用 OpenGL 和 FreeImage，因此某些行没有意义。
这是字体系统.h：
#ifndef FONTSYSTEM_H
#define FONTSYSTEM_H
/*
The Font System works by loading all the font images (max image size 32px^2) into memory and storing
the OpenGL texture ID's into an array that can be access at all times. The DrawString() functions will
search through the string for the specified character requested to draw and then it will draw a quad
and paint the texture on it. Since all the images are pre-loaded, no loading of the images at load time
is necessary, this is memory consuming but efficiant for the CPU. ALL functions WILL return a character
string specifing errors or success. A function will work as long as it can and when an error happens,
unless the error is fatal, the functions will NOT rollback changes! This ensures that during testing, a
very certain bug can be spotted.
*/
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glext.h>
#include <FreeImage.h>
#define REPORT(x) (std::cout<<x)
#define TIME clock()
class CFont
{
public:
CFont();
~CFont();
void DrawString(char *apString, int aiLetterSize, int aiX, int aiY);
void DrawString(long anNumber, int aiLetterSize, int aiX, int aiY);
void SetPath(char avPath[]);
void SetupFont(); // This function will load as many images as possible into memory.
private:
GLuint *mpTextIDs;
int *mpDrawIDs;
char *mpPath;
public:
CFont(const CFont& a):
mpTextIDs(a.mpTextIDs),
mpDrawIDs(a.mpDrawIDs),
mpPath(a.mpPath)
{
std::copy(a.mpTextIDs, a.mpTextIDs+128, mpTextIDs);
std::copy(a.mpDrawIDs, a.mpDrawIDs+128, mpDrawIDs);
std::copy(a.mpPath, a.mpPath + strlen(a.mpPath), mpPath);
}
CFont& operator=(const CFont& a)
{
GLuint *iTmpTex = new GLuint[128];
int *iTmpDraw = new int[1024];
char *vTmpPath = new char[4096];
delete[] mpTextIDs;
delete[] mpDrawIDs;
delete[] mpPath;
std::copy(a.mpTextIDs, a.mpTextIDs+128, iTmpTex);
std::copy(a.mpDrawIDs, a.mpDrawIDs+128, iTmpDraw);
std::copy(a.mpPath, a.mpPath + strlen(a.mpPath), vTmpPath);
mpTextIDs = iTmpTex;
mpDrawIDs = iTmpDraw;
mpPath = vTmpPath;
return *this;
}
};
#endif // FONTSYSTEM_H
这是fontsystem.cpp：
#include "fontsystem.h"
CFont::CFont()
{
mpTextIDs = new GLuint[128];
mpDrawIDs = new int[1024];
mpPath = new char[4096];
}
CFont::~CFont()
{
delete[] mpTextIDs;
delete[] mpDrawIDs;
delete[] mpPath;
}
void CFont::DrawString(char *apString, int aiLetterSize, int aiX, int aiY)
{
// Sanity check!
if(apString == NULL)
{
REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: Drawing string is NULL! <Font System>\n");
return;
}
if(aiLetterSize <= 0)
{
REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: Letter size is less than zero! <Font System>\n");
return;
}
// Search the string from most significant character to least significant.
int iSelectIndex = 0;
int iNumOfSymb = 0;
for(size_t i = 0; apString[i] != '\0'; ++i)
{
iSelectIndex = apString[i] >= '0' && apString[i] <= '9' ? (apString[i] - '0') :
apString[i] >= 'A' && apString[i] <= 'Z' ? (apString[i] - 'A' + 10) :
apString[i] >= 'a' && apString[i] <= 'z' ? (apString[i] - 'a' + 10) :
apString[i] == ' ' ? 36 : // This is a special case, This see's if the current character is a space or not.
-1;
if(iSelectIndex == -1)
{
return;
}
// Add the current selected character to the drawing array.
mpDrawIDs[i] = iSelectIndex;
++iNumOfSymb;
}
// Go through and draw each and every character.
for(size_t i = 0; apString[i] != '\0'/*static_cast<size_t>(iNumOfSymb)*/; ++i)
{
// Paint each qaud with the X,Y coordinates. After each quad has been successfully drawn,
// Add the size to the X coordinate. NOTE: Each character is square!!!
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mpTextIDs[(uint)apString[i]]);
int yPos = apString[i] != 'q' || apString[i] != 'j' || apString[i] != 'y' ? aiY : aiY + (aiLetterSize/2);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2d(0, 0);
glVertex2d(aiX, yPos);
glTexCoord2d(1, 0);
glVertex2d(aiX + aiLetterSize, yPos);
glTexCoord2d(1, 1);
glVertex2d(aiX + aiLetterSize, yPos + aiLetterSize);
glTexCoord2d(0, 1);
glVertex2d(aiX, yPos + aiLetterSize);
glEnd();
// Now, increase the X position by the size.
aiX += aiLetterSize;
}
}
void CFont::DrawString(long anNumber, int aiLetterSize, int aiX, int aiY)
{
// Sanity Check!
if(aiLetterSize <= 0)
{
REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: Letter size is less than zero! <Font System>\n");
return;
}
// Convert the supplied number to a character string via snprintf().
char *vTempString = new char[1024];
snprintf(vTempString, 1024, "%ld", anNumber);
// Next, run DrawString().
DrawString(vTempString, aiLetterSize, aiX, aiY);
}
void CFont::SetupFont()
{
// First Load The PNG file holding the font.
FreeImage_Initialise(false);
FIBITMAP *spBitmap = FreeImage_Load(FIF_PNG, mpPath, BMP_DEFAULT);
if(!spBitmap)
{
REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: Was Unable to opne/decode font bitmap! <FreeImage>\n");
return;
}
// Do an image sanity check.
if(!FreeImage_HasPixels(spBitmap))
{
REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: The font bitmap contains nothing! <FreeImage>\n");
return;
}
// Retrieve all the image data from FreeImage.
unsigned char *pData = FreeImage_GetBits(spBitmap);
int iWidth = FreeImage_GetWidth(spBitmap);
int iHeight = FreeImage_GetHeight(spBitmap);
size_t const ciCharWidth = iHeight;
size_t const ciCharHeight = iHeight;
// Cutup the PNG.
int iFontElementSize = (ciCharWidth*ciCharHeight)*4; // The first two numbers, are the dimensions fo the element, the last number (4) is the number of color channels (Red Green Blue and Alpha)
unsigned char *pElemBuff = new unsigned char[iFontElementSize]; // The temporary element buffer.
// Create all 37 OpenGL textures. 0-9 and A-Z and finally space (' ')
glGenTextures(128, mpTextIDs);
for (size_t iCharIdx = 0; 128 > iCharIdx; ++iCharIdx)
{
// Create character texture.
size_t const ciScanOfst = ciCharWidth * iCharIdx * 4;
for (size_t iScanLineIdx = 0; ciCharHeight > iScanLineIdx; ++iScanLineIdx)
{
memcpy(pElemBuff + ciCharWidth * iScanLineIdx * 4,
pData + ciScanOfst + iWidth * (ciCharHeight - iScanLineIdx - 1) * 4,
ciCharWidth * 4);
}
// Create The OpenGL Texture with the current Element.
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mpTextIDs[iCharIdx]);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, 32, 32, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pElemBuff);
// Create the correct texture environment to the current texture.
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP, GL_TRUE);
}
// Do a little house cleaning!
delete[] pElemBuff;
FreeImage_Unload(spBitmap);
FreeImage_DeInitialise();
REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Information: Font was created succesfully! <Font System>\n");
}
void CFont::SetPath(char avPath[])
{
mpPath = avPath;
}
Valgrind 报告如下：
Starting the FontSystem...
FontSystem Started!
==5058== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] / realloc()
==5058== at 0x402A8DC: operator delete[](void*) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)
==5058== by 0x8048F03: CFont::~CFont() (fontsystem.cpp:14)
==5058== by 0x8048DE0: main (main.cpp:13)
==5058== Address 0x804972f is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==5058==
==5058==
==5058== HEAP SUMMARY:
==5058== in use at exit: 4,172 bytes in 3 blocks
==5058== total heap usage: 153 allocs, 151 frees, 135,457 bytes allocated
==5058==
==5058== 20 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 1 of 3
==5058== at 0x402A5E6: calloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)
==5058== by 0x64DB3AD: _dlerror_run (dlerror.c:142)
==5058== by 0x444EC64: ??? (in /usr/lib/libGL.so.295.59)
==5058==
==5058== 56 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 2 of 3
==5058== at 0x402BE68: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)
==5058== by 0x442860E: ??? (in /usr/lib/libGL.so.295.59)
==5058== by 0xBE872481: ???
==5058== by 0x4E45504E: ???
==5058==
==5058== 4,096 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 3 of 3
==5058== at 0x402B454: operator new[](unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)
==5058== by 0x8048EAC: CFont::CFont() (fontsystem.cpp:7)
==5058== by 0x8048D68: main (main.cpp:7)
==5058==
==5058== LEAK SUMMARY:
==5058== definitely lost: 4,096 bytes in 1 blocks
==5058== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==5058== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==5058== still reachable: 76 bytes in 2 blocks
==5058== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==5058==
==5058== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
我希望你们能帮助我，因为这些似乎是我所有程序中的常见错误。作为一名编码员，我不太喜欢微妙但令人讨厌的错误。