我有一个带有一些指针作为成员的结构,我正在尝试做 memcpy,有人建议我在这种情况下不应该使用 memcpy,因为 memcpy 做的是浅拷贝(意味着它复制指针)而不是深拷贝(意味着复制什么指针指向)。
但我不确定为什么它在以下程序中没有任何区别:请查看代码和输出,并解释为什么在这种情况下它不是浅拷贝?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <string.h>
struct student {
char *username;
char *id;
int roll;
};
void print_struct(struct student *);
void print_struct_addr(struct student *);
void changeme(struct student *);
int main (void) {
struct student *student1;
char *name = "ram";
char *id = "200ABCD";
int roll = 34;
student1 = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
student1->username = name;
student1->id = id;
student1->roll = roll;
print_struct_addr(student1);
print_struct(student1);
changeme(student1);
print_struct(student1);
print_struct_addr(student1);
return 0;
}
void print_struct(struct student *s) {
printf("Name: %s\n", s->username);
printf("Id: %s\n", s->id);
printf("R.No: %d\n", s->roll);
return;
}
void print_struct_addr(struct student *s) {
printf("Addr(Name): %x\n", &s->username);
printf("Addr(Id): %x\n", &s->id);
printf("Addr(R.No): %x\n", &s->roll);
return;
}
void changeme(struct student *s) {
struct student *student2;
student2->username = "someone";
student2->id = "200EFGH";
student2->roll = 35;
print_struct_addr(student2);
memcpy(s, student2, sizeof(struct student));
student2->username = "somebodyelse";
return;
}
输出:
Addr(Name): 9b72008
Addr(Id): 9b7200c
Addr(R.No): 9b72010
Name: ram
Id: 200ABCD
R.No: 34
Addr(Name): fa163c
Addr(Id): fa1640
Addr(R.No): fa1644
Name: someone
Id: 200EFGH
R.No: 35
Addr(Name): 9b72008
Addr(Id): 9b7200c
Addr(R.No): 9b72010
如果 memcpy 进行浅拷贝,为什么 student1->username 不是“somebodyelse”。
请说明在哪种情况下,此代码会产生问题,我希望在 main() 中调用 changeme() 后 student1 中的 student2 信息,并且之后应该能够使用修改后的 student1 数据。
有人建议我不要在这里使用 memcpy() ,但它似乎工作正常。
谢谢
这是修改后的代码:但我仍然没有在这里看到浅拷贝的概念:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <string.h>
struct student {
char *username;
char *id;
int roll;
};
void print_struct(struct student *);
void print_struct_addr(struct student *);
void changeme(struct student *);
int main (void) {
struct student *student1;
char *name = "ram";
char *id = "200ABCD";
int roll = 34;
student1 = malloc(sizeof(*student1));
student1->username = name;
student1->id = id;
student1->roll = roll;
print_struct_addr(student1);
print_struct(student1);
changeme(student1);
print_struct(student1);
print_struct_addr(student1);
return 0;
}
void print_struct(struct student *s) {
printf("Name: %s\n", s->username);
printf("Id: %s\n", s->id);
printf("R.No: %d\n", s->roll);
return;
}
void print_struct_addr(struct student *s) {
printf("Addr(Name): %x\n", &s->username);
printf("Addr(Id): %x\n", &s->id);
printf("Addr(R.No): %x\n", &s->roll);
return;
}
void changeme(struct student *s) {
struct student *student2;
student2 = malloc(sizeof(*s));
student2->username = strdup("someone");
student2->id = strdup("200EFGH");
student2->roll = 35;
print_struct_addr(student2);
memcpy(s, student2, sizeof(struct student));
student2->username = strdup("somebodyelse");
free(student2);
return;
}