1

现在请看这个新写的代码,没有使用“读取”,但我仍然在模棱两可的“显示”上得到错误:

data MyType0 a = Tong1 a | Tong2 a  deriving Show
data MyType1 a = Cons1 a | Cons2 a | Cons3 | Cons4 deriving Show
data MyType2 a = MyType2 a deriving Show

fun ((Cons2 s):t:ts) (symseq, MyType2 msg) = (symseq, MyType2 (msg ++ ["You provided wrong symbol: " ++ (show t) ++ " Please provide symbol: " ++ (show Cons3) ]))
--fun ((Cons2 s):t:ts) (symseq, MyType2 msg) = (symseq, MyType2 (msg ++ ["You provided wrong symbol: " ++ (show t) ++ " Please provide symbol: " ]))
fun _ syms                                  = syms

ghci 错误消息:

showerr.hs:6:148:
    Ambiguous type variable `a0' in the constraint:
      (Show a0) arising from a use of `show'
    Probable fix: add a type signature that fixes these type variable(s)
    In the second argument of `(++)', namely `(show Cons3)'
    In the second argument of `(++)', namely
      `" Please provide symbol: " ++ (show Cons3)'
    In the second argument of `(++)', namely
      `(show t) ++ " Please provide symbol: " ++ (show Cons3)'
Failed, modules loaded: none.

请注意,注释部分不会给出此错误。请解释为什么这是错误的。

原始消息保留在下面。

我在一个网站上得到了以下代码。我知道“读取”功能可能会出现模棱两可的类型错误,但在这里我也可以为“显示”功能找到它。我觉得很奇怪,不明白。

代码:

main = do run <- getLine
          val <- getLine
          case run of
              "len" -> print . show . len $ (read val)
              "rev" -> print . show . rev $ (read val)
              _ -> putStr "wrong option"

rev :: [a] -> [a]
rev = foldl (flip (:)) []

len :: [a] -> Int
len = foldl (\ac _ -> ac + 1) 0

当我在 ghci 中加载它时出现错误。

ideone_x0cMx.hs:4:46:
    Ambiguous type variable `a0' in the constraint:
      (Read a0) arising from a use of `read'
    Probable fix: add a type signature that fixes these type variable(s)
    In the second argument of `($)', namely `(read val)'
    In the expression: print . show . len $ (read val)
    In a case alternative: "len" -> print . show . len $ (read val)

ideone_x0cMx.hs:5:46:
    Ambiguous type variable `a1' in the constraints:
      (Read a1) arising from a use of `read' at ideone_x0cMx.hs:5:46-49
      (Show a1) arising from a use of `show' at ideone_x0cMx.hs:5:32-35
    Probable fix: add a type signature that fixes these type variable(s)
    In the second argument of `($)', namely `(read val)'
    In the expression: print . show . rev $ (read val)
    In a case alternative: "rev" -> print . show . rev $ (read val)
Failed, modules loaded: none.
4

3 回答 3

2

回答第一个问题:

您的歧义确实来自读取功能!

如果您使用特定类型的 len 和 rev 版本,它会起作用。例如,您可以替换len(len :: [Int] -> Int)或替换(read val)(read val :: [Int])


回答第二个问题:

Cons3 :: MyType1 a

所以 Haskell 不知道类型a是什么。您可以明确指定(如果您只是选择它并不重要show):

fun ((Cons2 s):t:ts) (symseq, MyType2 msg) = 
    (symseq, MyType2 (msg ++ ["You provided wrong symbol: " ++ (show t) 
       ++ " Please provide symbol: " ++ show (Cons3 :: MyType Int) ]))

通常它可以Cons3从上下文中推断出类型,但是您从文字中创建一个并立即显示它,因此没有上下文。

于 2012-10-28T14:41:18.193 回答
2

在子表达式(show Cons3)中,没有上下文来确定 的类型参数MyType1

Cons3是 any 的构造函数MyType1 a,调用show它仅限a于 的实例Show,但除此之外,无法推断任何内容。所以类型变量是不明确的,而且由于没有数值约束,所以不能默认(除非你启用ExtendedDefaultRules)。

如果你写,类型变量可以被修复

show (Cons3 `asTypeOf` t)

或者——例如——

show (Cons3 :: MyType1 String)

那里。

于 2012-10-28T15:49:45.550 回答
0

应该是什么类型read val?您的代码说它应该是一个列表(因为rev两者len都接受所有类型的列表),但没有说明它应该是一个列表。

于 2012-10-28T14:34:47.753 回答