25

目前我正在使用 Python 创建一个目录阅读器程序。我正在使用“argparse”来解析命令行中的参数。我有以下代码：

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog = "LS.py",
                                 usage = "%(prog)s [options] [path1 [path2 [...pathN]]]\nThe paths are optional; if not given . is used.")

group = parser.add_argument_group("Options")

group.add_argument("-path", default = ".", help = argparse.SUPPRESS, metavar = "")
group.add_argument("-m", "--modified", default = False,
                    help = "show last modified date/time [default: off]",
                    metavar = "")
group.add_argument("-o ORDER", "--order=ORDER", nargs = 2, default = "name",
                    help = "order by ('name', 'n', 'modified', 'm', 'size', 's')\n[default: name]",
                    metavar = "")
group.add_argument("-r", "--recursive", default = False,
                    help = "recurse into subdirectories [default: off]",
                    metavar = "")
group.add_argument("-s", "--sizes", default = False,
                   help = "show sizes [default: off]", metavar = "")

args = parser.parse_args()
return args

当以以下方式调用“LS.py -h”时，它会产生以下输出：

usage: LS.py [options] [path1 [path2 [...pathN]]]
The paths are optional; if not given . is used.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

Options:
  -m , --modified       show last modified date/time [default: off]
  -o ORDER  , --order=ORDER  
                    order by ('name', 'n', 'modified', 'm', 'size', 's')
                    [default: name]
  -r , --recursive      recurse into subdirectories [default: off]
  -s , --sizes          show sizes [default: off]

我的问题：有没有办法将默认帮助参数移动到选项等组中？此外，我似乎无法找到删除选项参数中逗号前空格的方法。理想的输出是：

Usage: ls.py [options] [path1 [path2 [...pathN]]]
The paths are optional; if not given . is used.

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -m, --modified        show last modified date/time [default: off]
  -o ORDER, --order=ORDER
                        order by ('name', 'n', 'modified', 'm', 'size', 's')
                        [default: name]
  -r, --recursive       recurse into subdirectories [default: off]
  -s, --sizes           show sizes [default: off]
4

3 回答 3

32

您可以使用add_help=False禁用内置帮助命令并添加您自己的命令，使用action="help"（感谢@mgilson！）

要摆脱空格，请不要设置metavar为空字符串。您的选项应该被指定使用action="store_true"以使它们成为真正的（无参数）选项：

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="LS.py",
                                 usage="%(prog)s [options] [paths...]\nThe paths are optional; if not given . is used.",
                                 add_help=False)

group = parser.add_argument_group("Options")

group.add_argument("-h", "--help", action="help", help="show this help message and exit")
group.add_argument("-path", default=".", help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
group.add_argument("-m", "--modified", action="store_true",
                    help="show last modified date/time")
group.add_argument("-o", "--order", nargs=1, default="name",
                    help="sort order (n[ame], m[odified], s[ize])\n[default: name]")
group.add_argument("-r", "--recursive", action="store_true",
                    help="recurse into subdirectories")
group.add_argument("-s", "--sizes", action="store_true",
                   help="show sizes")

args = parser.parse_args()

输出：

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -m, --modified        show last modified date/time
  -o ORDER, --order ORDER
                        sort order (n[ame], m[odified], s[ize]) [default:
                        name]
  -r, --recursive       recurse into subdirectories
  -s, --sizes           show sizes
于 2012-10-25T19:06:17.263 回答
8

你当然可以这样做。诀窍是只添加构造函数，然后将您自己的帮助操作添加到组中add_help=False：ArgumentParser

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog = "LS.py",
                                 usage = "%(prog)s [options] [path1 [path2 [...pathN]]]\nThe paths are optional; if not given . is used.",
                                 add_help=False)

group = parser.add_argument_group("Options")

group.add_argument("-path", default = ".", help = argparse.SUPPRESS, metavar = "")
group.add_argument("-m", "--modified", default = False,
                    help = "show last modified date/time [default: off]",
                    metavar = "")
group.add_argument("-o ORDER", "--order=ORDER", nargs = 2, default = "name",
                    help = "order by ('name', 'n', 'modified', 'm', 'size', 's')\n[default: name]",
                    metavar = "")
group.add_argument("-h", "--help", action='help', help='print this fabulous help message')
group.add_argument("-r", "--recursive", default = False,
                    help = "recurse into subdirectories [default: off]",
                    metavar = "")
group.add_argument("-s", "--sizes", default = False,
                   help = "show sizes [default: off]", metavar = "")

args = parser.parse_args()
于 2012-10-25T19:03:52.853 回答
0

为了浓缩和简化nneonneo 先前的答案，您可以：

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="LS.py",
                                 usage="%(prog)s [options] [paths...]\nThe paths are optional; if not given . is used.",
                                 add_help=False)

add_arg = parser.add_argument_group("Options").add_argument

add_arg("-h", "--help", action="help", help="show this help message and exit")
add_arg("-path", default=".", help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
add_arg("-m", "--modified", action="store_true",
        help="show last modified date/time")
add_arg("-o", "--order", nargs=1, default="name",
        help="sort order (n[ame], m[odified], s[ize])\n[default: name]")
add_arg("-r", "--recursive", action="store_true",
        help="recurse into subdirectories")
add_arg("-s", "--sizes", action="store_true",
        help="show sizes")

args = parser.parse_args()

基本上，与上一个答案略有不同的是，不需要保存group然后重复调用该add_argument方法就可以了。

于 2016-10-05T07:56:47.723 回答