1

我即将将phpass实施到一个新的应用程序中,因为它具有安全性的理论和技术论据。这当然不是唯一的安全措施,但对于散列密码,这在我看来是最好的。

但是,在查看它的源代码时,我并没有真正感到高兴。它违背了我的一些最基本的代码约定,尤其是在安全性方面。

return $hash == $stored_hash;

我总是===在围绕安全性的代码上使用相同的运算符 ()。

if ($hash[0] == '*')
    $hash = crypt($password, $stored_hash);

{我总是使用带有 if 的大括号。它们是否在同一条线上并不重要,但即使有可能省略它们也不会给我带来好的感觉。

此外,没有办法强制使用 CRYPT_BLOWFISH 方法。现在我通过在我自己的包装器中检查长度是否正好是 60 个字符来做到这一点。

我想知道是否有人知道更新版本?一个由一个更大的社区维护和检查的改进版,然后只有一个人?正如作者本人已经建议的那样,一个较新的版本可以使用 PHP5,例如无缓冲读取?

或者,也许我只是没有真正原因的偏执狂。

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2 回答 2

2

如果是新应用程序,请使用https://github.com/ircmaxell/password_compat进行密码散列。它适用于 PHP >= 5.3.7,并重新实现了 PHP 5.5 即将推出的密码功能。

除了安全密码散列之外,确实没有其他选择。

于 2012-10-25T07:57:50.253 回答
1

我的帖子是为那些喜欢 phpass 的人准备的,因为它具有向后兼容性,但又想使用改进的版本。

我对 phpass 使用了以下改进:

  • 在构造函数中向 $random_state 引入更多数据。
  • 通过添加更多方法和向熵池引入更多数据来改进 get_random_bytes()。
    一些代码来自 padraic 的SecurityMultiTool 以及来自ircmaxell的 RandomLib 和 password_compat。
  • 在 gensalt_blowfish() 如果 PHP_VERSION >= 5.3.7,使用新的、固定的 BLOWFISH salt id。

完整代码,评论中的版本已更新,附加更改:

<?php
#
# Portable PHP password hashing framework.
#
# Version 0.3 / okaresz.v1
#
# Written by Solar Designer <solar at openwall.com> in 2004-2006 and placed in
# the public domain.  Revised in subsequent years, still public domain.
#
# There's absolutely no warranty.
#
# The homepage URL for this framework is:
#
#   http://www.openwall.com/phpass/
#
# Please be sure to update the Version line if you edit this file in any way.
# It is suggested that you leave the main version number intact, but indicate
# your project name (after the slash) and add your own revision information.
#
# Please do not change the "private" password hashing method implemented in
# here, thereby making your hashes incompatible.  However, if you must, please
# change the hash type identifier (the "$P$") to something different.
#
# Obviously, since this code is in the public domain, the above are not
# requirements (there can be none), but merely suggestions.
#
# okaresz.v1:
#
#  * Introducing more data to $random_state in the constuctor.
#  * Improve get_random_bytes() by adding more methods and by introducing more data to the entropy pool.
#    Some fo the code is from the SecurityMultiTool by padraic: https://github.com/padraic/SecurityMultiTool
#    and from ircmaxell's RandomLib: https://github.com/ircmaxell/RandomLib
#    and password_compat https://github.com/ircmaxell/password_compat
#  * In gensalt_blowfish() if PHP_VERSION >= 5.3.7, use the new, fixed BLOWFISH salt id.
#
class PasswordHash {
    var $itoa64;
    var $iteration_count_log2;
    var $portable_hashes;
    var $random_state;

    function PasswordHash($iteration_count_log2, $portable_hashes)
    {
        $this->itoa64 = './0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';

        if ($iteration_count_log2 < 4 || $iteration_count_log2 > 31)
            $iteration_count_log2 = 8;
        $this->iteration_count_log2 = $iteration_count_log2;

        $this->portable_hashes = $portable_hashes;

        $this->random_state = microtime();
        if (function_exists('getmypid'))
            $this->random_state .= getmypid();
        $this->random_state .= md5(serialize($_SERVER));
    }

    function get_random_bytes($count)
    {
        $output = '';

        if( function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes' ) )
        {
            $output = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($count, $usable);
            if (true === $usable) {
                return $output;
            }
        }
        if( function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')
            && (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.0') >= 0 )
            || (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) !== 'WIN')
            && !defined('PHALANGER')
        ) {
            $output = mcrypt_create_iv($count, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);
            if ($output !== false && strlen($output) === $count) {
                return $output;
            }
        }

        if (is_readable('/dev/urandom') &&
            ($fh = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb'))) {
            $output = fread($fh, $count);
            fclose($fh);
        }

        if (strlen($output) < $count) {
            $output = '';
            $seed = microtime() . memory_get_usage();
            if( function_exists('gc_collect_cycles') )
                { gc_collect_cycles(); }
            else
            {
                $i = 0;
                while( $i < 32)
                    { $i += 1+(int)round(lcg_value()); }
            }

            $this->random_state .= $seed . microtime();
            for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i += 16)
            {

                $this->random_state =  md5(microtime() . $this->random_state);
                $output .= pack('H*', md5(substr($this->random_state,0,16)));
            }
            $output = substr($output, 0, $count);
        }

        return $output;
    }

    function encode64($input, $count)
    {
        $output = '';
        $i = 0;
        do {
            $value = ord($input[$i++]);
            $output .= $this->itoa64[$value & 0x3f];
            if ($i < $count)
                $value |= ord($input[$i]) << 8;
            $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 6) & 0x3f];
            if ($i++ >= $count)
                break;
            if ($i < $count)
                $value |= ord($input[$i]) << 16;
            $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 12) & 0x3f];
            if ($i++ >= $count)
                break;
            $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 18) & 0x3f];
        } while ($i < $count);

        return $output;
    }

    function gensalt_private($input)
    {
        $output = '$P$';
        $output .= $this->itoa64[min($this->iteration_count_log2 +
            ((PHP_VERSION >= '5') ? 5 : 3), 30)];
        $output .= $this->encode64($input, 6);

        return $output;
    }

    function crypt_private($password, $setting)
    {
        $output = '*0';
        if (substr($setting, 0, 2) == $output)
            $output = '*1';

        $id = substr($setting, 0, 3);
        # We use "$P$", phpBB3 uses "$H$" for the same thing
        if ($id != '$P$' && $id != '$H$')
            return $output;

        $count_log2 = strpos($this->itoa64, $setting[3]);
        if ($count_log2 < 7 || $count_log2 > 30)
            return $output;

        $count = 1 << $count_log2;

        $salt = substr($setting, 4, 8);
        if (strlen($salt) != 8)
            return $output;

        # We're kind of forced to use MD5 here since it's the only
        # cryptographic primitive available in all versions of PHP
        # currently in use.  To implement our own low-level crypto
        # in PHP would result in much worse performance and
        # consequently in lower iteration counts and hashes that are
        # quicker to crack (by non-PHP code).
        if (PHP_VERSION >= '5') {
            $hash = md5($salt . $password, TRUE);
            do {
                $hash = md5($hash . $password, TRUE);
            } while (--$count);
        } else {
            $hash = pack('H*', md5($salt . $password));
            do {
                $hash = pack('H*', md5($hash . $password));
            } while (--$count);
        }

        $output = substr($setting, 0, 12);
        $output .= $this->encode64($hash, 16);

        return $output;
    }

    function gensalt_extended($input)
    {
        $count_log2 = min($this->iteration_count_log2 + 8, 24);
        # This should be odd to not reveal weak DES keys, and the
        # maximum valid value is (2**24 - 1) which is odd anyway.
        $count = (1 << $count_log2) - 1;

        $output = '_';
        $output .= $this->itoa64[$count & 0x3f];
        $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 6) & 0x3f];
        $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 12) & 0x3f];
        $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 18) & 0x3f];

        $output .= $this->encode64($input, 3);

        return $output;
    }

    function gensalt_blowfish($input)
    {
        # This one needs to use a different order of characters and a
        # different encoding scheme from the one in encode64() above.
        # We care because the last character in our encoded string will
        # only represent 2 bits.  While two known implementations of
        # bcrypt will happily accept and correct a salt string which
        # has the 4 unused bits set to non-zero, we do not want to take
        # chances and we also do not want to waste an additional byte
        # of entropy.
        $itoa64 = './ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789';

        $output = (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.7') >= 0)? '$2y$' : '$2a$';
        $output .= chr(ord('0') + $this->iteration_count_log2 / 10);
        $output .= chr(ord('0') + $this->iteration_count_log2 % 10);
        $output .= '$';

        $i = 0;
        do {
            $c1 = ord($input[$i++]);
            $output .= $itoa64[$c1 >> 2];
            $c1 = ($c1 & 0x03) << 4;
            if ($i >= 16) {
                $output .= $itoa64[$c1];
                break;
            }

            $c2 = ord($input[$i++]);
            $c1 |= $c2 >> 4;
            $output .= $itoa64[$c1];
            $c1 = ($c2 & 0x0f) << 2;

            $c2 = ord($input[$i++]);
            $c1 |= $c2 >> 6;
            $output .= $itoa64[$c1];
            $output .= $itoa64[$c2 & 0x3f];
        } while (1);

        return $output;
    }

    function HashPassword($password)
    {
        $random = '';

        if (CRYPT_BLOWFISH == 1 && !$this->portable_hashes) {
            $random = $this->get_random_bytes(16);
            $hash =
                crypt($password, $this->gensalt_blowfish($random));
            if (strlen($hash) == 60)
                return $hash;
        }

        if (CRYPT_EXT_DES == 1 && !$this->portable_hashes) {
            if (strlen($random) < 3)
                $random = $this->get_random_bytes(3);
            $hash =
                crypt($password, $this->gensalt_extended($random));
            if (strlen($hash) == 20)
                return $hash;
        }

        if (strlen($random) < 6)
            $random = $this->get_random_bytes(6);
        $hash =
            $this->crypt_private($password,
            $this->gensalt_private($random));
        if (strlen($hash) == 34)
            return $hash;

        # Returning '*' on error is safe here, but would _not_ be safe
        # in a crypt(3)-like function used _both_ for generating new
        # hashes and for validating passwords against existing hashes.
        return '*';
    }

    function CheckPassword($password, $stored_hash)
    {
        $hash = $this->crypt_private($password, $stored_hash);
        if ($hash[0] == '*')
            $hash = crypt($password, $stored_hash);

        return $hash == $stored_hash;
    }
}

?>
于 2013-07-14T14:32:50.880 回答