c++ - windbg中“！heap -h”输出中的“内部”是什么意思？

Question

我正在关注这个stackoverflow帖子 “！heap -flt -s xxxx”windbg命令中的不同列代表什么

我试图了解为占用大量内存的堆之一打印的信息。

我可以理解大部分专栏，但在我的 windbg 上，我看到了一个额外的专栏。我的大部分条目都标记为Internal。我想知道那是什么意思。我已经做到了!gflags +ust。因此，我可以看到用于进行内存分配的调用堆栈。除了标记为Internal的条目之外，我可以在大多数条目上执行此操作。

内部是什么意思？它与LFH的实施有关吗？如果这是 LFH 的内部实现，这些内部堆条目将如何以及何时返回空闲列表？它现在无缘无故地阻碍了我的记忆。

这是!heap -h 0000000002330000供您参考的输出。

Index   Address  Name      Debugging options enabled
  8:   02330000 
    Segment at 0000000002330000 to 0000000002340000 (00010000 bytes committed)
    Segment at 00000000032b0000 to 00000000033b0000 (00100000 bytes committed)
    Segment at 00000000065a0000 to 00000000067a0000 (00200000 bytes committed)
    Segment at 00000000067a0000 to 0000000006ba0000 (00400000 bytes committed)
    Segment at 0000000006d80000 to 0000000007580000 (006f2000 bytes committed)
    Flags:                08001002
    ForceFlags:           00000000
    Granularity:          16 bytes
    Segment Reserve:      01000000
    Segment Commit:       00002000
    DeCommit Block Thres: 00000400
    DeCommit Total Thres: 00001000
    Total Free Size:      0000274d
    Max. Allocation Size: 000007fffffdefff
    Lock Variable at:     00000000023301f8
    Next TagIndex:        0000
    Maximum TagIndex:     0000
    Tag Entries:          00000000
    PsuedoTag Entries:    00000000
    Virtual Alloc List:   02330118
    Uncommitted ranges:   023300f8
    FreeList[ 00 ] at 0000000002330158: 0000000007454600 . 00000000032e3de0   (24 blocks)

Heap entries for Segment00 in Heap 0000000002330000
    0000000002330000: 00000 . 00a70 [101] - busy (a6f)
    0000000002330a70: 00a70 . 00860 [101] - busy (85f)
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    0000000002334b80: 038b0 . 00330 [100]
    0000000002334eb0: 00330 . 00b60 [101] - busy (b34)
    0000000002335a10: 00b60 . 00160 [101] - busy (134)
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    0000000002337020: 01060 . 01020 [101] - busy (ff0) Internal 
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    0000000002339850: 000a0 . 000a0 [101] - busy (6c)
    00000000023398f0: 000a0 . 02020 [101] - busy (1ff0) Internal 
    000000000233b910: 02020 . 000a0 [101] - busy (74)
    000000000233b9b0: 000a0 . 00060 [101] - busy (35)
    000000000233ba10: 00060 . 02020 [101] - busy (1ff0) Internal 
    000000000233da30: 02020 . 000a0 [101] - busy (6c)
    000000000233dad0: 000a0 . 000c0 [101] - busy (94)
    000000000233db90: 000c0 . 000a0 [101] - busy (6c)
    000000000233dc30: 000a0 . 00060 [100]
    000000000233dc90: 00060 . 001c0 [101] - busy (194)
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    000000000233e0b0: 00260 . 000b0 [101] - busy (80)
    000000000233e160: 000b0 . 00020 [100]
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    000000000233e240: 000c0 . 000a0 [101] - busy (6c)
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    000000000233e380: 000a0 . 001c0 [101] - busy (194)
    000000000233e540: 001c0 . 00020 [100]
    000000000233e560: 00020 . 000c0 [101] - busy (84)
    000000000233e620: 000c0 . 000c0 [101] - busy (84)
    000000000233e6e0: 000c0 . 000c0 [101] - busy (94)
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    000000000233e860: 000c0 . 00260 [101] - busy (234)
    000000000233eac0: 00260 . 000b0 [101] - busy (82)
    000000000233eb70: 000b0 . 00350 [100]
    000000000233eec0: 00350 . 00330 [101] - busy (2fc)
    000000000233f1f0: 00330 . 00440 [101] - busy (40c)
    000000000233f630: 00440 . 00420 [101] - busy (3f0) Internal 
    000000000233fa50: 00420 . 00460 [100]
    000000000233feb0: 00460 . 000b0 [101] - busy (80)
    000000000233ff60: 000b0 . 00060 [100]
    000000000233ffc0: 00060 . 00040 [111] - busy (3d)
    0000000002340000:      00000000      - uncommitted bytes.
Heap entries for Segment01 in Heap 0000000002330000
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    0000000006662530: 08020 . 04020 [101] - busy (3ff0) Internal 
    0000000006666550: 04020 . 04020 [101] - busy (3ff0) Internal 
    000000000666a570: 04020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    000000000667a590: 10020 . 04020 [101] - busy (3ff0) Internal 
    000000000667e5b0: 04020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000066865d0: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    000000000668e5f0: 08020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    000000000669e610: 10020 . 04020 [101] - busy (3ff0) Internal 
    00000000066a2630: 04020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000066b2650: 10020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000066ba670: 08020 . 02020 [101] - busy (1ff0) Internal 
    00000000066bc690: 02020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000066c46b0: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000066cc6d0: 08020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000066dc6f0: 10020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000066e4710: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000066ec730: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000066f4750: 08020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006704770: 10020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    000000000670c790: 08020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    000000000671c7b0: 10020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067247d0: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    000000000672c7f0: 08020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    000000000674c810: 20020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    0000000006754830: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    000000000675c850: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    0000000006764870: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    000000000676c890: 08020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    000000000678c8b0: 20020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067948d0: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    000000000679c8f0: 08020 . 02020 [101] - busy (1ff0) Internal 
    000000000679e910: 02020 . 016b0 [100]
    000000000679ffc0: 016b0 . 00040 [111] - busy (3d)
    00000000067a0000:      00000000      - uncommitted bytes.
Heap entries for Segment03 in Heap 0000000002330000
    00000000067a0000: 00000 . 00070 [101] - busy (6f)
    00000000067a0070: 00070 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067a8090: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067b00b0: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067b80d0: 08020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    00000000067d80f0: 20020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067e0110: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067e8130: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067f0150: 08020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    00000000067f8170: 08020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006808190: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000068181b0: 10020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    00000000068381d0: 20020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000068481f0: 10020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    0000000006850210: 08020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006870230: 20020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006880250: 10020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    0000000006888270: 08020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006898290: 10020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    00000000068b82b0: 20020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000068c82d0: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000068d82f0: 10020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    00000000068f8310: 20020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006908330: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006918350: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006928370: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006938390: 10020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    00000000069583b0: 20020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000069683d0: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000069783f0: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006988410: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006998430: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000069a8450: 10020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    00000000069e8470: 40020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    00000000069f8490: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006a084b0: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006a184d0: 10020 . 04020 [101] - busy (3ff0) Internal 
    0000000006a1c4f0: 04020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006a2c510: 10020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000006a6c530: 40020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006a7c550: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006a8c570: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006a9c590: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006aac5b0: 10020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000006aec5d0: 40020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006afc5f0: 10020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006b0c610: 10020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006b2c630: 20020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000006b6c650: 40020 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006b7c670: 10020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006b9c690: 20020 . 03930 [100]
    0000000006b9ffc0: 03930 . 00040 [111] - busy (3d)
    0000000006ba0000:      00000000      - uncommitted bytes.
Heap entries for Segment04 in Heap 0000000002330000
    0000000006d80000: 00000 . 00070 [101] - busy (6f)
    0000000006d80070: 00070 . 10020 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 
    0000000006d90090: 10020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000006dd00b0: 40020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006df00d0: 20020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006e100f0: 20020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006e30110: 20020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000006e70130: 40020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006e90150: 20020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000006ed0170: 40020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006ef0190: 20020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006f101b0: 20020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006f301d0: 20020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000006f701f0: 40020 . 04020 [101] - busy (3ff0) Internal 
    0000000006f74210: 04020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006f94230: 20020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    0000000006fb4250: 20020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000006ff4270: 40020 . 04020 [101] - busy (3ff0) Internal 
    0000000006ff8290: 04020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    00000000070182b0: 20020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal 
    00000000070382d0: 20020 . 04020 [101] - busy (3ff0) Internal 
    000000000703c2f0: 04020 . 08020 [101] - busy (7ff0) Internal 
    0000000007044310: 08020 . 40020 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 
    0000000007084330: 40020 . 20020 [101] - busy (1fff0) Internal

编辑 2012 年 10 月 26 日

通过检查内部堆条目中的内存内容，我终于找到了导致泄漏的位置。它包含多个相同的内存分配造成的operator new。我不知道为什么它们都被合并到一个堆条目中，但是通过查看内容，我设法找出导致泄漏的代码。也许，将所有相似的数据组合到一个堆条目中是一项 CRT 功能？还是我完全误解了堆入口的含义？

score 25 · Accepted Answer

TL;DR：标记为“内部”的堆块在 _HEAP_ENTRY.Flags 中有一个特殊标志

[编辑] 用正确的答案修改了我之前的答案。

这是我对您的问题的猜测尝试。

根据windbg的帮助，“!heap”命令代码位于exts.dll（即\winxp\exts.dll）中。

将此 DLL 放在 IDA 上并为其下载符号。在 DumpHeapEntry() 函数中，DLL 中只有一次“内部”：

.text:0192463D                 movzx   eax, byte_1963152
.text:01924644                 test    eax, eax
.text:01924646                 jz      short loc_1924656
.text:01924648                 push    offset aInternal ; " Internal "
.text:0192464D                 call    _ExtensionApis.lpOutputRoutine ; some sort of printf routine

因此，“内部”的输出取决于 byte_1963152 的值：如果 byte_1963152 不为 0，则打印“内部”。仅发生一次写入值不为 0 的情况（在 DumpHeapEntry() 开始时调用的 ReadHeapEntry() 中）：

.text:0191F025                 movzx   eax, [ebp+var_B]
.text:0191F029                 and     eax, 8
.text:0191F02C                 jz      short loc_191F035
.text:0191F02E                 mov     byte_1963152, 1

这转化为：

if((UINT)var_B & 8)
    byte_1963152 = 1;

var_B 在这里设置：

text:0191EFF7                 mov     eax, [ebp+var_18]
.text:0191EFFA                 mov     edx, [ebp+var_14]
.text:0191EFFD                 mov     cl, 10h          ; shift right by 0x10 bits
.text:0191EFFF                 call    __aullshr
.text:0191F004                 mov     [ebp+var_B], al

__aullshr 代表“算术无符号长长右移”。在上面的代码中，eax 是 64 位 unsigned long long 的低 32 位部分，而 edx 是高 32 位部分。请注意，var_B 是一个 8 位数量（使用了“al”寄存器）。

因此：

// where var_14_18 is a combination (64-bit) of var_14 and var_18
var_B = (char)(var_14_18 >> 0x10 );

var_14 和 var_18 在这里设置：

.text:0191EF01                 push    0
.text:0191EF03                 push    offset aAgregatecode ; "AgregateCode"
.text:0191EF08                 push    0
.text:0191EF0A                 push    0
.text:0191EF0C                 call    _GetShortField@16 ; GetShortField(x,x,x,x)
.text:0191EF11                 mov     [ebp+var_18], eax  ; high part
.text:0191EF14                 mov     [ebp+var_14], edx  ; low part
; cut
.text:0191EF28                 mov     ecx, [ebp+var_18]
.text:0191EF2B                 and     ecx, _EncodeFlagMask ; from HEAP.EncodeFlagMask
.text:0191EF31                 jz      short loc_191EF75
.text:0191EF33                 mov     edx, [ebp+var_18]
.text:0191EF36                 xor     edx, _CrtHeapCode ; from HEAP.Encoding.Code1
.text:0191EF3C                 mov     eax, [ebp+var_14]
.text:0191EF3F                 xor     eax, dword_1963194 ; from HEAP.Encoding.Code2
.text:0191EF45                 mov     [ebp+var_18], edx
.text:0191EF48                 mov     [ebp+var_14], eax

因此，windbg 在“AgregateCode”上使用 GetShortField() 函数并设置上述两个变量（这也是一个无符号长整型值）。请注意，它还使用 HEAP.Encoding.Code1 和 HEAP.Encoding.Code2 对这两个值进行异或（HEAP 是当前堆，堆条目是其中的一部分）。

“AgregateCode”是 HEAP_ENTRY 和 HEAP_FREE_ENTRY 结构的字段（来自 Win 8.1 x86）：

0:000> dt _heap_entry -r2
ntdll!_HEAP_ENTRY
   +0x000 Size             : Uint2B
   +0x002 Flags            : UChar
   +0x003 SmallTagIndex    : UChar
   +0x000 SubSegmentCode   : Uint4B
   +0x004 PreviousSize     : Uint2B
   +0x006 SegmentOffset    : UChar
   +0x006 LFHFlags         : UChar
   +0x007 UnusedBytes      : UChar
   +0x000 FunctionIndex    : Uint2B
   +0x002 ContextValue     : Uint2B
   +0x000 InterceptorValue : Uint4B
   +0x004 UnusedBytesLength : Uint2B
   +0x006 EntryOffset      : UChar
   +0x007 ExtendedBlockSignature : UChar
   +0x000 Code1            : Uint4B
   +0x004 Code2            : Uint2B
   +0x006 Code3            : UChar
   +0x007 Code4            : UChar
   +0x004 Code234          : Uint4B
   +0x000 AgregateCode     : Uint8B

这翻译成C，给出：

          typedef struct _HEAP_ENTRY                       // 20 elements, 0x8 bytes (sizeof) 
          {                                                                                   
              union                                        // 6 elements, 0x8 bytes (sizeof)  
              {                                                                               
                  struct                                   // 3 elements, 0x8 bytes (sizeof)  
                  {                                                                           
/*0x000*/             UINT16       Size;                                                      
/*0x002*/             UINT8        Flags;                                                     
/*0x003*/             UINT8        SmallTagIndex;                                             
/*0x004*/             UINT8        _PADDING0_[0x4];                                           
                  };                                                                          
                  struct                                   // 4 elements, 0x8 bytes (sizeof)  
                  {                                                                           
/*0x000*/             ULONG32      SubSegmentCode;                                            
/*0x004*/             UINT16       PreviousSize;                                              
                      union                                // 2 elements, 0x1 bytes (sizeof)  
                      {                                                                       
/*0x006*/                 UINT8        SegmentOffset;                                         
/*0x006*/                 UINT8        LFHFlags;                                              
                      };                                                                      
/*0x007*/             UINT8        UnusedBytes;                                               
                  };                                                                          
                  struct                                   // 2 elements, 0x8 bytes (sizeof)  
                  {                                                                           
/*0x000*/             UINT16       FunctionIndex;                                             
/*0x002*/             UINT16       ContextValue;                                              
/*0x004*/             UINT8        _PADDING1_[0x4];                                           
                  };                                                                          
                  struct                                   // 4 elements, 0x8 bytes (sizeof)  
                  {                                                                           
/*0x000*/             ULONG32      InterceptorValue;                                          
/*0x004*/             UINT16       UnusedBytesLength;                                         
/*0x006*/             UINT8        EntryOffset;                                               
/*0x007*/             UINT8        ExtendedBlockSignature;                                    
                  };                                                                          
                  struct                                   // 2 elements, 0x8 bytes (sizeof)  
                  {                                                                           
/*0x000*/             ULONG32      Code1;                                                     
                      union                                // 2 elements, 0x4 bytes (sizeof)  
                      {                                                                       
                          struct                           // 3 elements, 0x4 bytes (sizeof)  
                          {                                                                   
/*0x004*/                     UINT16       Code2;                                             
/*0x006*/                     UINT8        Code3;                                             
/*0x007*/                     UINT8        Code4;                                             
                          };                                                                  
/*0x004*/                 ULONG32      Code234;                                               
                      };                                                                      
                  };                                                                          
/*0x000*/         UINT64       AgregateCode;                                                  
              };                                                                              
          }HEAP_ENTRY, *PHEAP_ENTRY;

因此，我们有以下伪代码（减去一些其他检查）：

high_part, low_part = GetShortField(0,0,"AgregateCode", 0);
high_part ^= HEAP.Encoding.Code1;
low_part ^= HEAP.Encoding.Code2;
AgregateCode = Make64BitFromTwo32Bit(high_part, low_part);    
char var_B = (char)(AgregateCode >> 0x10);
if(var_B & 8)
    printf("Internal");

鉴于“AgregateCode”是......好吧， Code1 到 Code 4 的聚合：

                  struct                                   // 2 elements, 0x8 bytes (sizeof)  
                  {                                                                           
/*0x000*/             ULONG32      Code1;                                                     
                      union                                // 2 elements, 0x4 bytes (sizeof)  
                      {                                                                       
                          struct                           // 3 elements, 0x4 bytes (sizeof)  
                          {                                                                   
/*0x004*/                     UINT16       Code2;                                             
/*0x006*/                     UINT8        Code3;                                             
/*0x007*/                     UINT8        Code4;                                             
                          };                                                                  
/*0x004*/                 ULONG32      Code234;                                               
                      };                                                                      
                  };                                                                          
/*0x000*/         UINT64       AgregateCode;

如果您移动 0x10 和 AND 8 的 AgregateCode 字段，您最终会测试 Code1 的第 11 位（从 0 开始计数）。

由于结构是一个大联合，您最终会测试：_HEAP_ENTRY.Flags

碰巧一个堆标志的值已经是8，它的名字是：HEAP_ENTRY_VIRTUAL_ALLOC

http://doxygen.reactos.org/da/ddb/heap_8h_source.html#l00044

https://os-design.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ntos/inc/heap.h

似乎该标志用于管理大分配，尽管这些块由系统内部使用，最终用户无法直接使用。

通常，此类内部块的标志成员设置为 9： HEAP_ENTRY_VIRTUAL_ALLOC | HEAP_ENTRY_BUSY

[编辑] 示例：

假设我在 0x005b0000 有一个堆：

0:004> !heap -h
Index   Address  Name      Debugging options enabled
  1:   005b0000

此堆 (_HEAP) 在 0x005b8d00 处有一个标记为“内部”的 HEAP_ENTRY：

0:004> !heap -h 005b0000
Index   Address  Name      Debugging options enabled
  1:   005b0000 
    Segment at 005b0000 to 006b0000 (0009d000 bytes committed)
    Flags:                00000002
    ForceFlags:           00000000
    Granularity:          8 bytes
    Segment Reserve:      00100000
    Segment Commit:       00002000
    DeCommit Block Thres: 00000800
    DeCommit Total Thres: 00002000
    Total Free Size:      00001ae8
    Max. Allocation Size: 7ffdefff
    Lock Variable at:     005b0138
    Next TagIndex:        0000
    Maximum TagIndex:     0000
    Tag Entries:          00000000
    PsuedoTag Entries:    00000000
    Virtual Alloc List:   005b00a0
    Uncommitted ranges:   005b0090
    FreeList[ 00 ] at 005b00c4: 0063fbc0 . 00633060   (7 blocks)

    Heap entries for Segment00 in Heap 005b0000
        005b0000: 00000 . 00588 [101] - busy (587)
        //[cut]
        005b8d00: 03d20 . 378b0 [101] - busy (378a8) Internal

HEAP 结构的详细视图（注意偏移量 0x50 处的“编码”结构 (_HEAP_ENTRY)，它有助于使用 XOR 解码编码的堆条目）：

0:004> dt _heap 005b0000 -r1
ntdll!_HEAP
   +0x000 Entry            : _HEAP_ENTRY
      +0x000 Size             : 0xbe38
      +0x002 Flags            : 0xf5 ''
      +0x003 SmallTagIndex    : 0xff ''
      +0x000 SubSegmentCode   : 0xfff5be38 
      +0x004 PreviousSize     : 0xcf53
      +0x006 SegmentOffset    : 0 ''
      +0x006 LFHFlags         : 0 ''
      +0x007 UnusedBytes      : 0x1 ''
      +0x000 FunctionIndex    : 0xbe38
      +0x002 ContextValue     : 0xfff5
      +0x000 InterceptorValue : 0xfff5be38
      +0x004 UnusedBytesLength : 0xcf53
      +0x006 EntryOffset      : 0 ''
      +0x007 ExtendedBlockSignature : 0x1 ''
      +0x000 Code1            : 0xfff5be38
      +0x004 Code2            : 0xcf53
      +0x006 Code3            : 0 ''
      +0x007 Code4            : 0x1 ''
      +0x000 AgregateCode     : 0x100cf53`fff5be38
   +0x008 SegmentSignature : 0xffeeffee
   +0x00c SegmentFlags     : 0
   +0x010 SegmentListEntry : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00a8 - 0x5b00a8 ]
      +0x000 Flink            : 0x005b00a8 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b0010 - 0x5b0010 ]
      +0x004 Blink            : 0x005b00a8 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b0010 - 0x5b0010 ]
   +0x018 Heap             : 0x005b0000 _HEAP
      +0x000 Entry            : _HEAP_ENTRY
      +0x008 SegmentSignature : 0xffeeffee
      +0x00c SegmentFlags     : 0
      +0x010 SegmentListEntry : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00a8 - 0x5b00a8 ]
      +0x018 Heap             : 0x005b0000 _HEAP
      +0x01c BaseAddress      : 0x005b0000 
      +0x020 NumberOfPages    : 0x100
      +0x024 FirstEntry       : 0x005b0588 _HEAP_ENTRY
      +0x028 LastValidEntry   : 0x006b0000 _HEAP_ENTRY
      +0x02c NumberOfUnCommittedPages : 0x63
      +0x030 NumberOfUnCommittedRanges : 1
      +0x034 SegmentAllocatorBackTraceIndex : 0
      +0x036 Reserved         : 0
      +0x038 UCRSegmentList   : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x64cff0 - 0x64cff0 ]
      +0x040 Flags            : 2
      +0x044 ForceFlags       : 0
      +0x048 CompatibilityFlags : 0
      +0x04c EncodeFlagMask   : 0x100000
      +0x050 Encoding         : _HEAP_ENTRY
      +0x058 PointerKey       : 0x75c3a7b
      +0x05c Interceptor      : 0
      +0x060 VirtualMemoryThreshold : 0xfe00
      +0x064 Signature        : 0xeeffeeff
      +0x068 SegmentReserve   : 0x100000
      +0x06c SegmentCommit    : 0x2000
      +0x070 DeCommitFreeBlockThreshold : 0x800
      +0x074 DeCommitTotalFreeThreshold : 0x2000
      +0x078 TotalFreeSize    : 0x1ae8
      +0x07c MaximumAllocationSize : 0x7ffdefff
      +0x080 ProcessHeapsListIndex : 1
      +0x082 HeaderValidateLength : 0x138
      +0x084 HeaderValidateCopy : (null) 
      +0x088 NextAvailableTagIndex : 0
      +0x08a MaximumTagIndex  : 0
      +0x08c TagEntries       : (null) 
      +0x090 UCRList          : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x64cfe8 - 0x64cfe8 ]
      +0x098 AlignRound       : 0xf
      +0x09c AlignMask        : 0xfffffff8
      +0x0a0 VirtualAllocdBlocks : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00a0 - 0x5b00a0 ]
      +0x0a8 SegmentList      : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b0010 - 0x5b0010 ]
      +0x0b0 AllocatorBackTraceIndex : 0
      +0x0b4 NonDedicatedListLength : 0
      +0x0b8 BlocksIndex      : 0x005b0150 
      +0x0bc UCRIndex         : 0x005b0590 
      +0x0c0 PseudoTagEntries : (null) 
      +0x0c4 FreeLists        : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x633060 - 0x63fbc0 ]
      +0x0cc LockVariable     : 0x005b0138 _HEAP_LOCK
      +0x0d0 CommitRoutine    : 0x075c3a7b        long  +75c3a7b
      +0x0d4 FrontEndHeap     : 0x005b8d08 
      +0x0d8 FrontHeapLockCount : 0
      +0x0da FrontEndHeapType : 0x2 ''
      +0x0dc Counters         : _HEAP_COUNTERS
      +0x130 TuningParameters : _HEAP_TUNING_PARAMETERS
   +0x01c BaseAddress      : 0x005b0000 
   +0x020 NumberOfPages    : 0x100
   +0x024 FirstEntry       : 0x005b0588 _HEAP_ENTRY
      +0x000 Size             : 0xbec1
      +0x002 Flags            : 0xf5 ''
      +0x003 SmallTagIndex    : 0x6 ''
      +0x000 SubSegmentCode   : 0x06f5bec1 
      +0x004 PreviousSize     : 0xcfe2
      +0x006 SegmentOffset    : 0 ''
      +0x006 LFHFlags         : 0 ''
      +0x007 UnusedBytes      : 0x1 ''
      +0x000 FunctionIndex    : 0xbec1
      +0x002 ContextValue     : 0x6f5
      +0x000 InterceptorValue : 0x6f5bec1
      +0x004 UnusedBytesLength : 0xcfe2
      +0x006 EntryOffset      : 0 ''
      +0x007 ExtendedBlockSignature : 0x1 ''
      +0x000 Code1            : 0x6f5bec1
      +0x004 Code2            : 0xcfe2
      +0x006 Code3            : 0 ''
      +0x007 Code4            : 0x1 ''
      +0x000 AgregateCode     : 0x100cfe2`06f5bec1
   +0x028 LastValidEntry   : 0x006b0000 _HEAP_ENTRY
      +0x000 Size             : 0xeff8
      +0x002 Flags            : 0xe7 ''
      +0x003 SmallTagIndex    : 0xff ''
      +0x000 SubSegmentCode   : 0xffe7eff8 
      +0x004 PreviousSize     : 0xd3df
      +0x006 SegmentOffset    : 0xc7 ''
      +0x006 LFHFlags         : 0xc7 ''
      +0x007 UnusedBytes      : 0xff ''
      +0x000 FunctionIndex    : 0xeff8
      +0x002 ContextValue     : 0xffe7
      +0x000 InterceptorValue : 0xffe7eff8
      +0x004 UnusedBytesLength : 0xd3df
      +0x006 EntryOffset      : 0xc7 ''
      +0x007 ExtendedBlockSignature : 0xff ''
      +0x000 Code1            : 0xffe7eff8
      +0x004 Code2            : 0xd3df
      +0x006 Code3            : 0xc7 ''
      +0x007 Code4            : 0xff ''
      +0x000 AgregateCode     : 0xffc7d3df`ffe7eff8
   +0x02c NumberOfUnCommittedPages : 0x63
   +0x030 NumberOfUnCommittedRanges : 1
   +0x034 SegmentAllocatorBackTraceIndex : 0
   +0x036 Reserved         : 0
   +0x038 UCRSegmentList   : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x64cff0 - 0x64cff0 ]
      +0x000 Flink            : 0x0064cff0 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b0038 - 0x5b0038 ]
      +0x004 Blink            : 0x0064cff0 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b0038 - 0x5b0038 ]
   +0x040 Flags            : 2
   +0x044 ForceFlags       : 0
   +0x048 CompatibilityFlags : 0
   +0x04c EncodeFlagMask   : 0x100000
   +0x050 Encoding         : _HEAP_ENTRY
      +0x000 Size             : 0xbe89
      +0x002 Flags            : 0xf4 ''
      +0x003 SmallTagIndex    : 0x4f 'O'
      +0x000 SubSegmentCode   : 0x4ff4be89 
      +0x004 PreviousSize     : 0xcf53
      +0x006 SegmentOffset    : 0 ''
      +0x006 LFHFlags         : 0 ''
      +0x007 UnusedBytes      : 0 ''
      +0x000 FunctionIndex    : 0xbe89
      +0x002 ContextValue     : 0x4ff4
      +0x000 InterceptorValue : 0x4ff4be89
      +0x004 UnusedBytesLength : 0xcf53
      +0x006 EntryOffset      : 0 ''
      +0x007 ExtendedBlockSignature : 0 ''
      +0x000 Code1            : 0x4ff4be89
      +0x004 Code2            : 0xcf53
      +0x006 Code3            : 0 ''
      +0x007 Code4            : 0 ''
      +0x000 AgregateCode     : 0xcf53`4ff4be89
   +0x058 PointerKey       : 0x75c3a7b
   +0x05c Interceptor      : 0
   +0x060 VirtualMemoryThreshold : 0xfe00
   +0x064 Signature        : 0xeeffeeff
   +0x068 SegmentReserve   : 0x100000
   +0x06c SegmentCommit    : 0x2000
   +0x070 DeCommitFreeBlockThreshold : 0x800
   +0x074 DeCommitTotalFreeThreshold : 0x2000
   +0x078 TotalFreeSize    : 0x1ae8
   +0x07c MaximumAllocationSize : 0x7ffdefff
   +0x080 ProcessHeapsListIndex : 1
   +0x082 HeaderValidateLength : 0x138
   +0x084 HeaderValidateCopy : (null) 
   +0x088 NextAvailableTagIndex : 0
   +0x08a MaximumTagIndex  : 0
   +0x08c TagEntries       : (null) 
   +0x090 UCRList          : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x64cfe8 - 0x64cfe8 ]
      +0x000 Flink            : 0x0064cfe8 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b0090 - 0x5b0090 ]
      +0x004 Blink            : 0x0064cfe8 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b0090 - 0x5b0090 ]
   +0x098 AlignRound       : 0xf
   +0x09c AlignMask        : 0xfffffff8
   +0x0a0 VirtualAllocdBlocks : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00a0 - 0x5b00a0 ]
      +0x000 Flink            : 0x005b00a0 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00a0 - 0x5b00a0 ]
      +0x004 Blink            : 0x005b00a0 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00a0 - 0x5b00a0 ]
   +0x0a8 SegmentList      : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b0010 - 0x5b0010 ]
      +0x000 Flink            : 0x005b0010 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00a8 - 0x5b00a8 ]
      +0x004 Blink            : 0x005b0010 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00a8 - 0x5b00a8 ]
   +0x0b0 AllocatorBackTraceIndex : 0
   +0x0b4 NonDedicatedListLength : 0
   +0x0b8 BlocksIndex      : 0x005b0150 
   +0x0bc UCRIndex         : 0x005b0590 
   +0x0c0 PseudoTagEntries : (null) 
   +0x0c4 FreeLists        : _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x633060 - 0x63fbc0 ]
      +0x000 Flink            : 0x00633060 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x632fc8 - 0x5b00c4 ]
      +0x004 Blink            : 0x0063fbc0 _LIST_ENTRY [ 0x5b00c4 - 0x633390 ]
   +0x0cc LockVariable     : 0x005b0138 _HEAP_LOCK
      +0x000 Lock             : <unnamed-tag>
   +0x0d0 CommitRoutine    : 0x075c3a7b     long  +75c3a7b
   +0x0d4 FrontEndHeap     : 0x005b8d08 
   +0x0d8 FrontHeapLockCount : 0
   +0x0da FrontEndHeapType : 0x2 ''
   +0x0dc Counters         : _HEAP_COUNTERS
      +0x000 TotalMemoryReserved : 0x100000
      +0x004 TotalMemoryCommitted : 0x9d000
      +0x008 TotalMemoryLargeUCR : 0
      +0x00c TotalSizeInVirtualBlocks : 0
      +0x010 TotalSegments    : 1
      +0x014 TotalUCRs        : 1
      +0x018 CommittOps       : 0x19
      +0x01c DeCommitOps      : 0
      +0x020 LockAcquires     : 0xd37
      +0x024 LockCollisions   : 0
      +0x028 CommitRate       : 0x24
      +0x02c DecommittRate    : 0xb
      +0x030 CommitFailures   : 0
      +0x034 InBlockCommitFailures : 0
      +0x038 CompactHeapCalls : 0
      +0x03c CompactedUCRs    : 0
      +0x040 AllocAndFreeOps  : 0
      +0x044 InBlockDeccommits : 0
      +0x048 InBlockDeccomitSize : 0
      +0x04c HighWatermarkSize : 0x9cde0
      +0x050 LastPolledSize   : 0x8f9c8
   +0x130 TuningParameters : _HEAP_TUNING_PARAMETERS
      +0x000 CommittThresholdShift : 4
      +0x004 MaxPreCommittThreshold : 0xfe000

现在是 _HEAP_ENTRY（标记为内部）的详细视图。这是一个编码结构，可以通过与 _HEAP.Encoding 成员进行异或来解码：

0:004> dt _heap_entry 005b8d00
ntdll!_HEAP_ENTRY
   +0x000 Size             : 0xd19f
   +0x002 Flags            : 0xfd ''
   +0x003 SmallTagIndex    : 0x3f '?'
   +0x000 SubSegmentCode   : 0x3ffdd19f 
   +0x004 PreviousSize     : 0xc8f7
   +0x006 SegmentOffset    : 0 ''
   +0x006 LFHFlags         : 0 ''
   +0x007 UnusedBytes      : 0x8 ''
   +0x000 FunctionIndex    : 0xd19f
   +0x002 ContextValue     : 0x3ffd
   +0x000 InterceptorValue : 0x3ffdd19f
   +0x004 UnusedBytesLength : 0xc8f7
   +0x006 EntryOffset      : 0 ''
   +0x007 ExtendedBlockSignature : 0x8 ''
   +0x000 Code1            : 0x3ffdd19f
   +0x004 Code2            : 0xc8f7
   +0x006 Code3            : 0 ''
   +0x007 Code4            : 0x8 ''
   +0x000 AgregateCode     : 0x800c8f7`3ffdd19f

现在注释代码：

1) 从 HEAP_ENTRY 中获取聚合
2) 使用 HEAP.Encoding 成员对 HEAP_ENTRY 进行解码 (XOR)
3) 移位结果以获取 _HEAP_ENTRY.Flags
4) 使用 HEAP_ENTRY_VIRTUAL_ALLOC (8) 获取结果以查看它是否是内部块

CPU Disasm
Address     Command                                  Comments
730AEF01    PUSH 0                                   ; /Arg4 = 0
730AEF03    PUSH ??_C@_0N@BCMFEPJJ@AgregateCode?$AA@ ; |Arg3 = ASCII "AgregateCode"
730AEF08    PUSH 0                                   ; |Arg2 = 0
730AEF0A    PUSH 0                                   ; |Arg1 = 0
730AEF0C    CALL GetShortField                       ; \exts.GetShortField
730AEF11    MOV DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.6],EAX           ; low part = 0x3FFDD19F (_HEAP_ENTRY.Code1)
730AEF14    MOV DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.5],EDX           ; high part = 0x0800C8F7
730AEF17    MOV EDX,DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.6]
730AEF1A    MOV DWORD PTR DS:[730F3158],EDX
730AEF20    MOV EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.5]
730AEF23    MOV DWORD PTR DS:[730F315C],EAX
730AEF28    MOV ECX,DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.6]           ; 0x3FFDD19F
730AEF2B    AND ECX,DWORD PTR DS:[EncodeFlagMask]    ; ecx = 0x3FFDD19F ^ 0x00100000 = 0x00100000
730AEF31    JE SHORT 730AEF75
730AEF33    MOV EDX,DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.6]           ; edx = 0x3FFDD19F
730AEF36    XOR EDX,DWORD PTR DS:[CrtHeapCode]       ; edx = 0x3FFDD19F ^ 0x4FF4BE89 = 0x70096F16
730AEF3C    MOV EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.5]           ; eax = 0x0800C8F7
730AEF3F    XOR EAX,DWORD PTR DS:[730F3194]          ; eax = 0x0800C8F7 ^ 0xCF53 = 0x080007A4
730AEF45    MOV DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.6],EDX           ; edx = 0x70096F16
730AEF48    MOV DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.5],EAX           ; eax = 0x080007A4
;[...]    
730AEFEE    MOVZX EAX,WORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.6]
730AEFF2    MOV DWORD PTR DS:[CrtHeapEntry],EAX      ; entry = 0x6f16
730AEFF7    MOV EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.6]           ; low part = 0x70096F16
730AEFFA    MOV EDX,DWORD PTR SS:[LOCAL.5]           ; high part = 0x080007A4
730AEFFD    MOV CL,10
730AEFFF    CALL _aullshr
730AF004    MOV BYTE PTR SS:[LOCAL.3+1],AL           ; 0x00000800:07A47009 -> al = 9
730AF007    MOVZX ECX,BYTE PTR SS:[LOCAL.3+1]
730AF00B    AND ECX,FFFFFFE6
730AF00E    OR ECX,DWORD PTR DS:[730F3148]
730AF014    MOV DWORD PTR DS:[730F3148],ECX
730AF01A    MOV EDX,DWORD PTR DS:[730F3148]
730AF020    AND EDX,00000001
730AF023    JE SHORT 730AF035
730AF025    MOVZX EAX,BYTE PTR SS:[LOCAL.3+1]        ; eax = 9 
730AF029    AND EAX,00000008                         ; 9 & 8 = 1
730AF02C    JE SHORT 730AF035
730AF02E    MOV BYTE PTR DS:[730F3152],1             ; set "Internal" flag

希望能帮助到你！

score 0 · Accepted Answer

至少有时Internal意味着内存块对应于LFH堆入口。我有一个 windbg 转储，它报告了许多带有!heap -h. 然而，应用!heap -hlwindbg 后显示更详细的信息，如

        ...
        0000000026ae0c70: 40000 . 40000 [101] - busy (3fff0) Internal 

        LFH data region at 0000000026ae0c80 (subsegment 00000000269c09c0):
            0000000026ae0ca0: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae15b0: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae1ec0: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae27d0: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae30e0: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae39f0: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae4300: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae4c10: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae5520: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026ae5e30: 00910 - busy (908)
            ...skipped
            0000000026b1df60: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026b1e870: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026b1f180: 00910 - busy (908)
            0000000026b1fa90: 00910 - busy (908)

        0000000026b20c70: 40000 . 10000 [101] - busy (fff0) Internal 

        LFH data region at 0000000026b20c80 (subsegment 00000000269c09f0):
            0000000026b20ca0: 00020 - busy (18)
            0000000026b20cc0: 00020 - busy (10)
            0000000026b20ce0: 00020 - busy (18)

        ....

c++ - windbg中“！heap -h”输出中的“内部”是什么意思？

2 回答 2

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