latex - 突出显示列表中的代码块

Question

我在 lstlisting 环境中有一堆代码。如何在环境中仅突出显示（彩色背景）一段特定的代码？

Answer 1

您可以在列表中使用 \colorbox 和转义字符：

添加到您的序言中

  \usepackage{color}

  \definecolor{light-gray}{gray}{0.80}

然后在您的文档中像这样使用它：

  \begin{lstlisting}[escapechar=!]
  def mult(m: Matrix[Int], n: Matrix[Int]) {
    val p = !\colorbox{light-gray}{new MatrixInt}!(m.rows, n.cols)
  }
  \end{lstlisting}

Answer 2

这有点麻烦，但是您可以将代码分成几个lstlisting环境。

\begin{lstlisting}
line
\end{lstlisting}
\vspace{-\baselineskip}
\begin{lstlisting}[backgroundcolor=\color{pink}]
very
interesting
\end{lstlisting}
\vspace{-\baselineskip}
\begin{lstlisting}
line
line
\end{lstlisting}

Answer 3

这是使用以下方法突出显示（部分）单行的解决方案tikz：

\documentclass[pdftex,11pt,a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{listings}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{tikzmark}

% Command to place a TikZ anchor at the current position
\newcommand{\mytikzmark}[1]{%
  \tikz[overlay,remember picture,baseline] \coordinate (#1) at (0,0) {};}

\newcommand{\highlight}[2]{%
  \draw[yellow,line width=14pt,opacity=0.3]%
    ([yshift=4pt]#1) -- ([yshift=4pt]#2);%
}

\begin{document}
    \begin{lstlisting}[escapechar=@, language=C]
@\mytikzmark{hl1Start}@struct@\mytikzmark{hl1End}@ S {
    double @\mytikzmark{hl2Start}@salary_@\mytikzmark{hl2End}@;
};
    \end{lstlisting}
        
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
        \highlight{hl1Start}{hl1End}
        \highlight{hl2Start}{hl2End}
    \end{tikzpicture}   
        
\end{document}

你得到

所以lstlisting保留了 's 的语法高亮。

Answer 4

有一个包可以lstlinebgrd做到这一点

% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
% !TEX TS-program = xelatex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}

\usepackage{lstlinebgrd}
\usepackage{listings, xcolor}
\lstset{tabsize = 4, showstringspaces = false, breaklines = true, numbers = left, numberstyle = \tiny, basicstyle = \small \ttfamily, keywordstyle = \color{blue}, stringstyle = \color{red}, commentstyle = \color{green}, rulecolor = \color{black}}

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[language = python, frame = tRBl, basicstyle = \ttfamily \scriptsize, linebackgroundcolor = {\ifnum \value{lstnumber} = 8 \color{yellow} \fi, \ifnum \value{lstnumber} = 10 \color{yellow} \fi, \ifnum \value{lstnumber} = 12 \color{yellow} \fi}, linebackgroundsep = 2.2 em, linebackgroundwidth = 15 em]
import numpy
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, Activation, Dropout, Input
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential, Model, load_model
from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import Adam

model_input = Input(shape = x_train[0].shape)
x = Dense(120, activation = 'relu')(model_input)
x = Dropout(0.01)(x)
x = Dense(120, activation = 'relu')(x)
x = Dropout(0.01)(x)
x = Dense(120, activation = 'relu')(x)
x = Dropout(0.01)(x)
model_output = Dense(numpy.shape(y_train)[1])(x)
model = Model(model_input, model_output)
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

你得到

但是，它仍然没有优化，您必须手动调整高亮条的左右边缘，并且设置多行高亮是很麻烦的。

Answer 5

Listings 包提供了 backgroundcolor=\color{} 作为一个选项，但我确信这会使整个 BG 颜色，而不是一个块。

你可以看看把它放在一个带颜色的 parbox 或 colorbox 包。