我有一个包含十二个解决方案配置的 Visual Studio 2012 解决方案。每个解决方案配置都是独立的(即每个配置的输出完全不相关)。
问题: 如何一步构建所有十二个配置,即通过在命令行上运行单个 MSBuild 命令,以及如何并行构建配置?
例如,如果只有两种配置,Release/AnyCPU 和 Debug/AnyCPU,我希望这两种配置可以同时并行构建。
为了完整起见,以下是我尝试过的;我还没有解决这个问题的方法。
为了一次构建所有项目,我创建了一个带有构建目标的新项目文件,该目标在每个配置的解决方案文件上运行 MSBuild 任务:
<Target Name="Build">
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Release;Platform=Win32" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Release;Platform=x64" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Release;Platform=ARM" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Release(ZW);Platform=Win32" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Release(ZW);Platform=x64" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Release(ZW);Platform=ARM" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Debug;Platform=Win32" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Debug;Platform=x64" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Debug;Platform=ARM" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Debug(ZW);Platform=Win32" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Debug(ZW);Platform=x64" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
<MSBuild Projects="cxxreflect.sln" Properties="SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\;Configuration=Debug(ZW);Platform=ARM" Targets="$(BuildCommand)" />
</Target>
这很好用,除了每个 MSBuild 任务都是按顺序调用的,所以没有并行性(是的,每个配置构建中都有并行性,但我真的很想跨配置构建获得并行性)。
为了使配置并行构建,我尝试利用 MSBuild 任务的 BuildInParallel 属性。我编写了一个预构建任务,为每个配置生成项目文件,然后尝试并行构建所有这些生成的项目:
<Target Name="PreBuild" Outputs="%(ProjectConfiguration.Identity)" Returns="%(BuildProject.Identity)">
<Message Text="Cloning Solution for Configuration: %(ProjectConfiguration.Identity)" />
<PropertyGroup>
<BuildProjectPath>$(IntPath)\%(ProjectConfiguration.Platform)\%(ProjectConfiguration.Configuration)\build.proj</BuildProjectPath>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<BuildProject Include="$(BuildProjectPath)" />
</ItemGroup>
<MakeDir Directories="$(IntPath)\%(ProjectConfiguration.Platform)\%(ProjectConfiguration.Configuration)" />
<WriteLinesToFile
File="$(BuildProjectPath)"
Lines="<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Project DefaultTargets='Build' ToolsVersion='4.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
<Target Name='Build'>
<MSBuild
Projects='$(SlnPath)'
Properties='
SolutionDir=$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\%3b
Configuration=%(ProjectConfiguration.Configuration)%3b
Platform=%(ProjectConfiguration.Platform)
'
Targets='$(BuildCommand)'
/>
</Target>
</Project>"
Overwrite="true" />
</Target>
<Target Name="Build" DependsOnTargets="PreBuild">
<Message Text="%(BuildProject.Identity)" />
<MSBuild Projects="%(BuildProject.Identity)" Properties="BuildCommand=$(BuildCommand)" BuildInParallel="true" />
</Target>
不幸的是,虽然这确实构建了所有十二种配置,但它是按顺序构建的。我的猜测是,当 MSBuild 对要构建的项目集执行依赖关系分析时,它会识别出它们都依赖于同一个解决方案文件,因此它决定它们不能并行构建。(这只是一个猜测;我可能完全错了。我对 MSBuild 知之甚少。)
我也在构建时使用 /m 开关。