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我需要实现我的外壳来处理多个管道命令。例如,我需要能够处理这个:ls | grep -i cs340 | sort | uniq | cut -c 5. 我假设问题是我没有将上一个命令的输出传递给下一个命令的输入。当我执行我的代码时,它没有给我任何输出。我正在使用这个伪代码:

for cmd in cmds
    if there is a next cmd
        pipe(new_fds)
    fork
    if child
        if there is a previous cmd
            dup2(old_fds[0], 0)
            close(old_fds[0])
            close(old_fds[1])
        if there is a next cmd
            close(new_fds[0])
            dup2(new_fds[1], 1)
            close(new_fds[1])
        exec cmd || die
    else
        if there is a previous cmd
            close(old_fds[0])
            close(old_fds[1])
        if there is a next cmd
            old_fds = new_fds
if there are multiple cmds
    close(old_fds[0])
    close(old_fds[1])

这是处理多个管道的函数的源代码。

void execute_multiple_commands(struct command ** commands_to_exec,
        int num_commands_p)
{
    pid_t status;
    int i, err;
    int new_fd[2], old_fd[2];
    pid_t pid, cpid;

    // creating child process
    if ( (cpid = fork()) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not create child process, exiting...");
        exit(1);
    }

    if (cpid == 0) // in the child process we run multiple pipe handling
    {
        for (i = 0; i < num_commands_p; i++) // for each cmd in cmds
        {
            if (i+1 < num_commands_p) // if there is next cmd
                pipe(new_fd);

            if ( (pid = fork()) == -1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "Could not create child process, exiting...");
                exit(1);
            }

            if (pid == 0) // if child
            {
                if (i != 0) // if there is a previous command
                {
                    dup2(old_fd[0], 0); // setting up old_pipe to input into the child
                    close(old_fd[0]);
                    close(old_fd[1]);

                }
                if (i+1 < num_commands_p) // if there is a next cmd
                {
                    close(new_fd[0]); // setting up new_pipe to get output from child
                    dup2(new_fd[1], 1);
                    close(new_fd[1]);

                    err = execvp(commands_to_exec[i]->args[0], commands_to_exec[i]->args);
                    status = err;
                    exit(err);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
                if (status == -1)
                    exit(1);

                if (i != 0) // if there a previous command
                {
                    close(old_fd[0]);
                    close(old_fd[1]);
                }
                if (i+1 < num_commands_p) // if there a next cmd
                {
                    old_fd[0] = new_fd[0];
                    old_fd[1] = new_fd[1];
                }
                exit(0);
            } // end if
        } // end for

        if (i) // if there a multiple commands
        {
            close(old_fd[0]);
            close(old_fd[1]);
        }
    }
    else // in the parent process we are waiting for child to handle multiple pipes
        waitpid(cpid, &status, 0);
}

功能execvp()采用结构数组。我检查了我所有的解析部分,它工作正常。这是execute_multiple_commands()我遇到问题的功能。

这是结构的代码:

// name: command
// desc: holds one command (meaning that it can be
//        more than one token in that command)
//        "ls -la" will be an example of one command
//       holds num of tokens in command array
struct command
{
    char ** args;
    int num_args;
};
4

1 回答 1

3

我建议一个新的策略,R2:

function do(commands)
    if commands is of size 1
        exec commands[0] || die
    split commands into c1 (first command) c2 (the rest of them)
    open
    if fork 
        close input end of pipe
        dup output of pipe to stdin
        do (c2) || die
    close output end of pipe
    dup input of pipe to stdout
    exec c1 || die

使用递归函数,尤其是在维护列表时,将帮助您简化逻辑。您不必担心这里的堆栈深度,因为您的整个地址空间无论如何都会被覆盖。

在其他新闻中,来自手册页

从这些系统调用之一成功返回后,新旧文件描述符可以互换使用。它们引用相同的打开文件描述(参见 open(2)),因此共享文件偏移量和文件状态标志;例如,如果在其中一个描述符上使用 lseek(2) 修改了文件偏移量,则另一个描述符的偏移量也会改变。

当您说要关闭管道的两端时,这意味着什么?你真的要关闭它——它和你的程序打算使用的标准输入/输出。

--> 稍后编辑 <--

正如 Jonathan Leffler 指出的那样,上述信息是正确的。我已经通过以下程序确认了这一点:

#include <unistd.h>

int main(){
    dup2(0, 7);
    write(7, "Hey, 1\n", 7);
    close(0);
    write(7, "Hey, 2\n", 7);
    close(7);
    write(7, "Hey, 3\n", 7);
}

这导致以下输出:

$ gcc dup2Test.c && ./a.out
Hey, 1
Hey, 2

谢谢,乔纳森!

于 2012-10-19T19:44:06.237 回答