数据库latin1_general_ci
现在是,我想将排序规则更改为utf8mb4_general_ci
.
PhpMyAdmin 中是否有任何设置来更改数据库、表、列的排序规则?而不是一一改变?
正如 OP 所要求的,我在这里做出贡献:
如何更改数据库、表、列的排序规则?
选定的答案只是在表格级别说明它。
在数据库范围内更改它:
ALTER DATABASE <database_name> CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
每张桌子改变它:
ALTER TABLE <table_name> CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
好的做法是在表级别更改它,因为它也会为列更改它。更改特定列适用于任何特定情况。
更改特定列的排序规则:
ALTER TABLE <table_name> MODIFY <column_name> VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
您需要单独转换每个表:
ALTER TABLE mytable CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
(这也将转换列),或者导出数据库latin1
并使用utf8mb4
.
您可以运行 php 脚本。
<?php
$con = mysql_connect('localhost','user','password');
if(!$con) { echo "Cannot connect to the database ";die();}
mysql_select_db('dbname');
$result=mysql_query('show tables');
while($tables = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
foreach ($tables as $key => $value) {
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE $value CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci");
}}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";
?>
要单独更改表格的排序规则,您可以使用,
ALTER TABLE mytable CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8
要为整个数据库设置默认排序规则,
ALTER DATABASE `databasename` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin
要不然,
转到PhpMyAdmin-> 操作-> 排序。
在那里您可以找到包含所有现有排序规则的选择框。这样您就可以在此处更改排序规则。因此,在创建新列时,数据库表将遵循此排序规则。创建新列时无需选择排序规则。
以下查询将生成 ALTER 查询,将所有表中所有适当列的排序规则更改为某种类型(在下面的示例中为 utf8_general_ci)。
SELECT concat
(
'ALTER TABLE ',
t1.TABLE_SCHEMA,
'.',
t1.table_name,
' MODIFY ',
t1.column_name,
' ',
t1.data_type,
'(' ,
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
')',
' CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;'
)
from
information_schema.columns t1
where
t1.TABLE_SCHEMA like 'you_db_name_goes_here' AND
t1.COLLATION_NAME IS NOT NULL AND
t1.COLLATION_NAME NOT IN ('utf8_general_ci');
如果你运行 phpMyAdmin >> 选择数据库 >> 选择表 >> 转到 "操作" 选项卡 >> 在 "表选项" 部分 >> 你可以从下拉列表中选择排序规则 >> 并且一旦你在您将在屏幕顶部看到一条消息:
您的 SQL 查询已成功执行
和一个脚本
ALTER TABLE `tableName` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci
但它不会更改现有列的排序规则。为此,您可以使用此脚本(此脚本也来自 phpMyAdmin)
ALTER TABLE `tableName` CHANGE `Name` `Name` VARCHAR( 255 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL
您可以在多个级别设置默认排序规则:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/charset-syntax.html
1) 客户端 2) 服务器默认 3) 数据库默认 4) 表默认 5) 列
只需运行此 SQL 即可一次转换所有数据库表。将您的 COLLATION 和 databaseName 更改为您需要的。
SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," COLLATE utf8_general_ci;") AS ExecuteTheString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="databaseName"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";
生成查询以更新每个表和每个表的列。我以前在我的一些项目中使用过它,并且能够解决我的大部分 COLLATION 问题。(尤其是在 JOINS 上)
要使用,只需将结果导出到分隔文本(可能是新行 '\n')
每张桌子
SELECT CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `', TABLE_NAME,
'` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;')
AS 'USE `DATABASE_NAME`;'
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'DATABASE_NAME'
AND TABLE_TYPE LIKE 'BASE TABLE'
每列
SELECT CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `', TABLE_NAME, '` MODIFY COLUMN `', COLUMN_NAME,'` ',
DATA_TYPE, IF(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH IS NULL
OR DATA_TYPE LIKE 'longtext', '', CONCAT('(', CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
')')
), ' COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;') AS 'USE `DATABASE_NAME`;'
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'DATABASE_NAME'
AND (SELECT INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES.TABLE_TYPE
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES.TABLE_SCHEMA =
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES.TABLE_NAME =
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS.TABLE_NAME
LIMIT 1) LIKE 'BASE TABLE'
AND DATA_TYPE IN ( 'char', 'varchar' ) /* include other types if necessary */
您可以通过 PHP 脚本更改所有表的 CHARSET 和 COLLATION,如下所示。我喜欢 hkasera 的答案,但问题是查询在每个表上运行两次。这段代码除了使用MySqli代替mysql和防止双重查询外几乎相同。如果我可以投票,我会投票赞成 hkasera 的回答。
<?php
$conn1=new MySQLi("localhost","user","password","database");
if($conn1->connect_errno){
echo mysqli_connect_error();
exit;
}
$res=$conn1->query("show tables") or die($conn1->error);
while($tables=$res->fetch_array()){
$conn1->query("ALTER TABLE $tables[0] CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci") or die($conn1->error);
}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";
$res->free();
$conn1->close();
?>
您可以简单地将此代码添加到脚本文件
//Database Connection
$host = 'localhost';
$db_name = 'your_database_name';
$db_user = 'your_database_user_name';
$db_pass = 'your_database_user_password';
$con = mysql_connect($host,$db_user,$db_pass);
if(!$con) { echo "Cannot connect to the database ";die();}
mysql_select_db($db_name);
$result=mysql_query('show tables');
while($tables = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
foreach ($tables as $key => $value) {
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE $value CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci");
}
}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";
我很惊讶地得知,所以我不得不回到这里报告,优秀且维护良好的互连/它安全搜索和替换数据库脚本有一些选项可以将表转换为 utf8 / unicode,甚至转换为 innodb . 它是一种脚本,通常用于将数据库驱动的网站(Wordpress、Drupal、Joomla 等)从一个域迁移到另一个域。
通过 SQL 请求生成 SQL 脚本的更好变体。它不会破坏默认值/空值。
SELECT concat
(
'ALTER TABLE ',
t1.TABLE_SCHEMA,
'.',
t1.table_name,
' MODIFY ',
t1.column_name,
' ',
t1.column_type,
' CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci',
if(t1.is_nullable='YES', ' NULL', ' NOT NULL'),
if(t1.column_default is not null, concat(' DEFAULT \'', t1.column_default, '\''), ''),
';'
)
from
information_schema.columns t1
where
t1.TABLE_SCHEMA like 'your_table_here' AND
t1.COLLATION_NAME IS NOT NULL AND
t1.COLLATION_NAME NOT IN ('utf8_general_ci');
我在这里读到,您需要手动转换每个表,这是不正确的。以下是如何使用存储过程执行此操作的解决方案:
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS changeCollation$$
-- character_set parameter could be 'utf8'
-- or 'latin1' or any other valid character set
CREATE PROCEDURE changeCollation(IN character_set VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
DECLARE v_finished INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE v_table_name varchar(255) DEFAULT "";
DECLARE v_message varchar(4000) DEFAULT "No records";
-- This will create a cursor that selects each table,
-- where the character set is not the one
-- that is defined in the parameter
DECLARE alter_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT DISTINCT TABLE_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
AND COLLATION_NAME NOT LIKE CONCAT(character_set, '_%');
-- This handler will set the value v_finished to 1
-- if there are no more rows
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER
FOR NOT FOUND SET v_finished = 1;
OPEN alter_cursor;
-- Start a loop to fetch each rows from the cursor
get_table: LOOP
-- Fetch the table names one by one
FETCH alter_cursor INTO v_table_name;
-- If there is no more record, then we have to skip
-- the commands inside the loop
IF v_finished = 1 THEN
LEAVE get_table;
END IF;
IF v_table_name != '' THEN
IF v_message = 'No records' THEN
SET v_message = '';
END IF;
-- This technic makes the trick, it prepares a statement
-- that is based on the v_table_name parameter and it means
-- that this one is different by each iteration inside the loop
SET @s = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ',v_table_name,
' CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET ', character_set);
PREPARE stmt FROM @s;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
SET v_message = CONCAT('The table ', v_table_name ,
' was changed to the default collation of ', character_set,
'.\n', v_message);
SET v_table_name = '';
END IF;
-- Close the loop and the cursor
END LOOP get_table;
CLOSE alter_cursor;
-- Returns information about the altered tables or 'No records'
SELECT v_message;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
创建过程后,只需简单地调用它:
CALL changeCollation('utf8');
有关更多详细信息,请阅读此博客。
我的解决方案是@Dzintars 和@Quassnoi Answer 的组合。
SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 ;") AS ExecuteTheString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="<your-database>"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";
通过使用CONVERT TO
,这会生成一个脚本,它将所有表格转换<your-database>
为您请求的编码。这也改变了每一列的编码!
如果要更新架构上的默认字符集:
ALTER SCHEMA MYSCHEMA DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
我使用了以下 shell 脚本。它将数据库名称作为参数,并将所有表转换为另一个字符集和排序规则(由脚本中定义的另一个参数或默认值给出)。
#!/bin/bash
# mycollate.sh <database> [<charset> <collation>]
# changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
# all columns in all tables
DB="$1"
CHARSET="$2"
COLL="$3"
[ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
[ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_general_ci"
echo $DB
echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql
echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql -s | (
while read TABLE; do
echo $DB.$TABLE
echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql $DB
done
)
快捷方式 - 导出到 SQL 文件,使用搜索和替换来更改您需要更改的文本。创建新数据库,导入数据,然后将旧数据库和新数据库重命名为旧名称。
一次更改数据库所有表中所有字段的排序规则:
我只是在前面提到的通过 Php 为解决方案中的表中的字段添加另一个循环。这很有帮助,表中的所有字段也都被转换了。
<?php
$con = mysql_connect('localhost','user','pw');
if(!$con) { echo "Cannot connect to the database ";die();}
mysql_select_db('database_name');
$result=mysql_query('show tables');
while($tables = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
foreach ($tables as $key => $table) { // for each table
$sql = "ALTER TABLE $table CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci";
echo "\n".$sql;
mysql_query($sql);
$sql = "show fields in ".$table." where type like 'varchar%' or type like 'char%' or type='text' or type='mediumtext';";
$rs2=mysql_query($sql);
while( $rw2 = mysql_fetch_array($rs2) ){ // for each field in table
$sql = "ALTER TABLE `".$table."` CHANGE `".$rw2['Field']."` `".$rw2['Field']."` ".$rw2['Type']." CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL;";
echo "\n".$sql;
mysql_query($sql);
}
}
}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";
?>}
请注意,在更改数据库/表/列的字符集后,您可能需要实际转换现有数据(例如,如果您看到类似“Ù...طلوب توريد جٔ)像这样:
update country set name = convert(cast(convert(name using latin1) as binary) using utf8), cn_flag = convert(cast(convert(cn_flag using latin1) as binary) using utf8), and so on..
在转换数据库、表和字段时,我建议从这个线程中获得这个答案,这会生成大量查询,您只需在粘贴时复制这些查询,在这里我还找不到自动解决方案。另请注意,如果您将同一字段转换两次,您将获得不可恢复的问号:“???”。如果您在转换字段/表格之前转换数据,您也会得到这个问号。
我刚刚编写了一个 bash 脚本来查找给定数据库中的所有表并隐藏它们(及其列)。