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我想知道 ls 命令在 linux 中使用哪个系统调用来显示文件夹（或文件名）？特别是以“。”开头的文件/文件夹。（点）

我执行了strace ls -a命令来查看系统fstat调用。对于所有其他属性（inode to permisisons）发生了很多调用。哪一个真正给出了它的名字？

execve("/bin/ls", ["ls", "-a"], [/* 37 vars */]) = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x1762000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c14025000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=109464, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 109464, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c1400a000
close(3)                                = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\20T\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=121936, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2221680, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c13be6000
mprotect(0x7f1c13c03000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f1c13e02000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c000) = 0x7f1c13e02000
mmap(0x7f1c13e04000, 1648, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c13e04000
close(3)                                = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\340!\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=31752, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2128984, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c139de000
mprotect(0x7f1c139e5000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f1c13be4000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x6000) = 0x7f1c13be4000
close(3)                                = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libacl.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\33\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=31096, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c14009000
mmap(NULL, 2126312, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c137d6000
mprotect(0x7f1c137dd000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f1c139dc000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x6000) = 0x7f1c139dc000
close(3)                                = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200\30\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1811128, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3925208, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c13417000
mprotect(0x7f1c135cc000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f1c137cb000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1b4000) = 0x7f1c137cb000
mmap(0x7f1c137d1000, 17624, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c137d1000
close(3)                                = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\340\r\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=14768, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2109704, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c13213000
mprotect(0x7f1c13215000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f1c13415000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x2000) = 0x7f1c13415000
close(3)                                = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200l\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=135366, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c14008000
mmap(NULL, 2212904, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c12ff6000
mprotect(0x7f1c1300e000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f1c1320d000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x17000) = 0x7f1c1320d000
mmap(0x7f1c1320f000, 13352, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c1320f000
close(3)                                = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libattr.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\340\17\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=18552, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2113736, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c12df1000
mprotect(0x7f1c12df5000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f1c12ff4000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7f1c12ff4000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c14007000
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c14005000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f1c140057c0) = 0
mprotect(0x7f1c137cb000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f1c12ff4000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f1c1320d000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f1c13415000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f1c139dc000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f1c13be4000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f1c13e02000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x618000, 4096, PROT_READ)     = 0
mprotect(0x7f1c14027000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7f1c1400a000, 109464)          = 0
set_tid_address(0x7f1c14005a90)         = 4490
set_robust_list(0x7f1c14005aa0, 0x18)   = 0
futex(0x7fff2e09d99c, FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET_PRIVATE|FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME, 1, NULL, 7f1c140057c0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {0x7f1c12ffc750, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_SIGINFO, 0x7f1c13005cb0}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {0x7f1c12ffc7e0, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO, 0x7f1c13005cb0}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0
getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM_INFINITY}) = 0
statfs("/selinux", {f_type="EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC", f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=238304997, f_bfree=232078639, f_bavail=219973436, f_files=60530688, f_ffree=60120220, f_fsid={-1173666966, -474985328}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x1762000
brk(0x1783000)                          = 0x1783000
open("/proc/filesystems", O_RDONLY)     = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c14024000
read(3, "nodev\tsysfs\nnodev\trootfs\nnodev\tb"..., 1024) = 328
read(3, "", 1024)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
munmap(0x7f1c14024000, 4096)            = 0
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=7220736, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 7220736, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f1c1270e000
close(3)                                = 0
ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=41, ws_col=144, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
getdents(3, /* 2 entries */, 32768)     = 48
getdents(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768)     = 0
close(3)                                = 0
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f1c14024000
write(1, ".  ..\n", 6.  ..
)                  = 6
close(1)                                = 0
munmap(0x7f1c14024000, 4096)            = 0
close(2)                                = 0
exit_group(0)                           = ?
4

2 回答 2

41

大多数系统调用在启动时加载共享库都会产生噪音。有趣的事情发生在这里：

openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
getdents(3, /* 2 entries */, 32768)     = 48
getdents(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768)     = 0
close(3)

系统openat(2)调用用于打开"."相对于当前工作目录（AT_FDCWD标志）的当前目录（）。该O_DIRECTORY标志表示它想要打开目录并读取目录的内容。

使用getdents(2)系统调用读取实际的目录数据。在这种情况下，它调用了它两次，因为在它返回 0 之前，它不确定是否还有更多数据。最后，文件描述符在完成后关闭。

但是，如果您要编写自己的程序，则不会直接调用它们——而是使用opendir(3)、readdir(3)和closedir(3)来读取目录。它们是可移植的（符合 POSIX 标准），它们使您与底层系统调用的细节隔离开来。IMO，它们也更易于使用。

于 2012-10-16T18:29:14.520 回答
1

stat(2)系统调用查询某个文件（可能是目录）的状态；如果您有文件描述符（在open(2)系统调用之后），您可以使用fstat(2)

要读取目录，最好使用readdir(3)调用getdents(2)系统调用的函数。

于 2012-10-16T18:23:15.620 回答