.net - 队列的限制大小在.NET 中？

Question

我有一个 Queue<T> 对象，我已将其初始化为容量 2，但显然这只是容量，并且在我添加项目时它会不断扩展。是否已经有一个对象在达到限制时自动使项目出列，或者是创建我自己的继承类的最佳解决方案？

Answer 1

我已经找到了我正在寻找的基本版本，它并不完美，但它会完成这项工作，直到出现更好的东西。

public class LimitedQueue<T> : Queue<T>
{
    public int Limit { get; set; }

    public LimitedQueue(int limit) : base(limit)
    {
        Limit = limit;
    }

    public new void Enqueue(T item)
    {
        while (Count >= Limit)
        {
            Dequeue();
        }
        base.Enqueue(item);
    }
}

Answer 2

我建议你拉起C5 Library。与 SCG（System.Collections.Generic）不同，C5 被编程为接口并被设计为子类。大多数公共方法是虚拟的，并且没有一个类是密封的。这样，您就不必使用如果您LimitedQueue<T>被强制转换为SCG.Queue<T>. 使用 C5 并使用与以前几乎相同的代码，您将从CircularQueue<T>. CircularQueue<T>实际上实现了堆栈和队列，因此您几乎可以免费获得这两个选项。我在下面用一些 3.5 结构重写了它：

using C5;

public class LimitedQueue<T> : CircularQueue<T>
{
    public int Limit { get; set; }

    public LimitedQueue(int limit) : base(limit)
    {
        this.Limit = limit;
    }

    public override void Push(T item)
    {
        CheckLimit(false);
        base.Push(item);
    }

    public override void Enqueue(T item)
    {
        CheckLimit(true);
        base.Enqueue(item);
    }

    protected virtual void CheckLimit(bool enqueue)
    {
        while (this.Count >= this.Limit)
        {
            if (enqueue)
            {
                this.Dequeue();
            }
            else
            {
                this.Pop();
            }
        }
    }
}

我认为这段代码应该完全符合您的要求。

Answer 3

好吧，我希望本课程对您有所帮助：
在内部循环 FIFO 缓冲区使用具有指定大小的 Queue<T>。一旦达到缓冲区的大小，它将用新的项目替换旧项目。

注意：您不能随意删除项目。我将方法 Remove(T item) 设置为返回 false。如果您愿意，您可以修改以随机删除项目

public class CircularFIFO<T> : ICollection<T> , IDisposable
{
    public Queue<T> CircularBuffer;

    /// <summary>
    /// The default initial capacity.
    /// </summary>
    private int capacity = 32;

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the actual capacity of the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    public int Capacity
    {
        get { return capacity; }          
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Initialize a new instance of FIFO class that is empty and has the default initial capacity.
    /// </summary>
    public CircularFIFO()
    {            
        CircularBuffer = new Queue<T>();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Initialize a new instance of FIFO class that is empty and has the specified initial capacity.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="size"> Initial capacity of the FIFO. </param>
    public CircularFIFO(int size)
    {
        capacity = size;
        CircularBuffer = new Queue<T>(capacity);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Adds an item to the end of the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="item"> The item to add to the end of the FIFO. </param>
    public void Add(T item)
    {
        if (this.Count >= this.Capacity)
            Remove();

        CircularBuffer.Enqueue(item);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Adds array of items to the end of the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="item"> The array of items to add to the end of the FIFO. </param>
     public void Add(T[] item)
    { 
        int enqueuedSize = 0;
        int remainEnqueueSize = this.Capacity - this.Count;

        for (; (enqueuedSize < item.Length && enqueuedSize < remainEnqueueSize); enqueuedSize++)
            CircularBuffer.Enqueue(item[enqueuedSize]);

        if ((item.Length - enqueuedSize) != 0)
        {
            Remove((item.Length - enqueuedSize));//remaining item size

            for (; enqueuedSize < item.Length; enqueuedSize++)
                CircularBuffer.Enqueue(item[enqueuedSize]);
        }           
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Removes and Returns an item from the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns> Item removed. </returns>
    public T Remove()
    {
        T removedItem = CircularBuffer.Peek();
        CircularBuffer.Dequeue();

        return removedItem;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Removes and Returns the array of items form the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="size"> The size of item to be removed from the FIFO. </param>
    /// <returns> Removed array of items </returns>
    public T[] Remove(int size)
    {
        if (size > CircularBuffer.Count)
            size = CircularBuffer.Count;

        T[] removedItems = new T[size];

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        {
            removedItems[i] = CircularBuffer.Peek();
            CircularBuffer.Dequeue();
        }

        return removedItems;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the item at the beginning of the FIFO with out removing it.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns> Item Peeked. </returns>
    public T Peek()
    {
        return CircularBuffer.Peek();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the array of item at the beginning of the FIFO with out removing it.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="size"> The size of the array items. </param>
    /// <returns> Array of peeked items. </returns>
    public T[] Peek(int size)
    {
        T[] arrayItems = new T[CircularBuffer.Count];
        CircularBuffer.CopyTo(arrayItems, 0);

        if (size > CircularBuffer.Count)
            size = CircularBuffer.Count;

        T[] peekedItems = new T[size];

        Array.Copy(arrayItems, 0, peekedItems, 0, size);

        return peekedItems;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the actual number of items presented in the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    public int Count
    {
        get
        {
            return CircularBuffer.Count;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Removes all the contents of the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    public void Clear()
    {
        CircularBuffer.Clear();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Resets and Initialize the instance of FIFO class that is empty and has the default initial capacity.
    /// </summary>
    public void Reset()
    {
        Dispose();
        CircularBuffer = new Queue<T>(capacity);
    }

    #region ICollection<T> Members

    /// <summary>
    /// Determines whether an element is in the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="item"> The item to locate in the FIFO. </param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public bool Contains(T item)
    {
        return CircularBuffer.Contains(item);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Copies the FIFO elements to an existing one-dimensional array. 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="array"> The one-dimensional array that have at list a size of the FIFO </param>
    /// <param name="arrayIndex"></param>
    public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex)
    {
        if (array.Length >= CircularBuffer.Count)
            CircularBuffer.CopyTo(array, 0);           
    }

    public bool IsReadOnly
    {
        get { return false; }
    }

    public bool Remove(T item)
    {
        return false; 
    }

    #endregion

    #region IEnumerable<T> Members

    public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    {
       return CircularBuffer.GetEnumerator();
    }

    #endregion

    #region IEnumerable Members

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return CircularBuffer.GetEnumerator();
    }

    #endregion

    #region IDisposable Members

    /// <summary>
    /// Releases all the resource used by the FIFO.
    /// </summary>
    public void Dispose()
    {          
        CircularBuffer.Clear();
        CircularBuffer = null;
        GC.Collect();
    }

    #endregion
}

Answer 4

并发解决方案

public class LimitedConcurrentQueue<ELEMENT> : ConcurrentQueue<ELEMENT>
{
    public readonly int Limit;

    public LimitedConcurrentQueue(int limit)
    {
        Limit = limit;
    }

    public new void Enqueue(ELEMENT element)
    {
        base.Enqueue(element);
        if (Count > Limit)
        {
            TryDequeue(out ELEMENT discard);
        }
    }
}

注意：由于Enqueue控制元素的添加，并且一次添加一个，因此无需执行whilefor TryDequeue。

Answer 5

您应该创建自己的类，环形缓冲区可能会满足您的需求。

.NET 中允许您指定容量的数据结构（数组除外）使用它来构建用于保存内部数据的内部数据结构。

例如，对于列表，容量用于确定内部数组的大小。当您开始向列表中添加元素时，它将开始从索引 0 开始填充此数组，当它达到您的容量时，它将容量增加到新的更高容量，并继续填充它。

Answer 6

为什么不直接使用大小为 2 的数组？队列应该能够动态增长和收缩。

或者围绕一个实例创建一个包装类Queue<T>，每次将一个<T>对象入队时，检查队列的大小。如果大于 2，则将第一项出列。

Answer 7

如果它对任何人有用，我做了一个LimitedStack<T>.

public class LimitedStack<T>
{
    public readonly int Limit;
    private readonly List<T> _stack;

    public LimitedStack(int limit = 32)
    {
        Limit = limit;
        _stack = new List<T>(limit);
    }

    public void Push(T item)
    {
        if (_stack.Count == Limit) _stack.RemoveAt(0);
        _stack.Add(item);
    }

    public T Peek()
    {
        return _stack[_stack.Count - 1];
    }

    public void Pop()
    {
        _stack.RemoveAt(_stack.Count - 1);
    }

    public int Count
    {
        get { return _stack.Count; }
    }
}

当它变得太大时，它会删除最旧的项目（堆栈底部）。

（这个问题是“C# 限制堆栈大小”的最高 Google 结果）

Answer 8

您可以使用 aLinkedList<T>并添加线程安全：

public class Buffer<T> : LinkedList<T>
{
    private int capacity;

    public Buffer(int capacity)
    {
        this.capacity = capacity;   
    }

    public void Enqueue(T item)
    {
        // todo: add synchronization mechanism
        if (Count == capacity) RemoveLast();
        AddFirst(item);
    }

    public T Dequeue()
    {
        // todo: add synchronization mechanism
        var last = Last.Value;
        RemoveLast();
        return last;
    }
}

需要注意的一点是，在此示例中，默认枚举顺序将是 LIFO。但如有必要，可以覆盖它。