74

我只是想知道在 TypeScript 中是否可以在类或接口上定义自定义事件?

这会是什么样子?

4

9 回答 9

124

将这个简化的事件用作属性怎么样?拥有类的更强类型并且没有继承要求:

interface ILiteEvent<T> {
    on(handler: { (data?: T): void }) : void;
    off(handler: { (data?: T): void }) : void;
}

class LiteEvent<T> implements ILiteEvent<T> {
    private handlers: { (data?: T): void; }[] = [];

    public on(handler: { (data?: T): void }) : void {
        this.handlers.push(handler);
    }

    public off(handler: { (data?: T): void }) : void {
        this.handlers = this.handlers.filter(h => h !== handler);
    }

    public trigger(data?: T) {
        this.handlers.slice(0).forEach(h => h(data));
    }

    public expose() : ILiteEvent<T> {
        return this;
    }
}

像这样使用:

class Security{
    private readonly onLogin = new LiteEvent<string>();
    private readonly onLogout = new LiteEvent<void>();

    public get LoggedIn() { return this.onLogin.expose(); } 
    public get LoggedOut() { return this.onLogout.expose(); }

    // ... onLogin.trigger('bob');
}

function Init() {
    var security = new Security();

    var loggedOut = () => { /* ... */ }

    security.LoggedIn.on((username?) => { /* ... */ });
    security.LoggedOut.on(loggedOut);

    // ...

    security.LoggedOut.off(loggedOut);
}

改进?

一个要点

于 2013-02-02T02:14:21.303 回答
20

NPM 包Strongly Typed Events for TypeScript ( GitHub ) 实现了 3 种类型的事件IEvent<TSender, TArgs>ISimpleEvent<TArgs>ISignal. 这使得为​​您的项目使用正确类型的事件变得更加容易。它还从您的事件中隐藏了调度方法,就像良好的信息隐藏应该做的那样。

事件类型/接口- 事件的定义:

interface IEventHandler<TSender, TArgs> {
    (sender: TSender, args: TArgs): void
}

interface ISimpleEventHandler<TArgs> {
    (args: TArgs): void
}

interface ISignalHandler {
    (): void;
}

示例- 此示例显示如何使用滴答时钟实现 3 种类型的事件:

class Clock {

    //implement events as private dispatchers:
    private _onTick = new SignalDispatcher();
    private _onSequenceTick = new SimpleEventDispatcher<number>();
    private _onClockTick = new EventDispatcher<Clock, number>();

    private _ticks: number = 0;

    constructor(public name: string, timeout: number) {
        window.setInterval( () => { 
            this.Tick(); 
        }, timeout);
    }

    private Tick(): void {
        this._ticks += 1;

        //trigger event by calling the dispatch method and provide data
        this._onTick.dispatch();
        this._onSequenceTick.dispatch(this._ticks);
        this._onClockTick.dispatch(this, this._ticks);
    }

    //expose the events through the interfaces - use the asEvent
    //method to prevent exposure of the dispatch method:
    public get onTick(): ISignal {
        return this._onTick.asEvent();
    }

    public get onSequenceTick() : ISimpleEvent<number>{
        return this._onSequenceTick.asEvent();
    }

    public get onClockTick(): IEvent<Clock, number> {
        return this._onClockTick.asEvent();
    }
}

用法- 它可以像这样使用:

let clock = new Clock('Smu', 1000);

//log the ticks to the console
clock.onTick.subscribe(()=> console.log('Tick!'));

//log the sequence parameter to the console
clock.onSequenceTick.subscribe((s) => console.log(`Sequence: ${s}`));

//log the name of the clock and the tick argument to the console
clock.onClockTick.subscribe((c, n) => console.log(`${c.name} ticked ${n} times.`))

在此处阅读更多内容:关于事件、调度程序和列表(系统的一般说明)

教程
我写了一些关于这个主题的教程:

于 2016-03-27T18:04:30.420 回答
11

我想你是在问一个类实例是否可以像 DOM 元素一样实现 addEventListener() 和 dispatchEvent() 。如果该类不是 DOM 节点,那么您将不得不编写自己的事件总线。您将为可以发布事件的类定义一个接口,然后在您的类中实现该接口。这是一个天真的例子;

interface IEventDispatcher{
  // maintain a list of listeners
  addEventListener(theEvent:string, theHandler:any);

  // remove a listener
  removeEventListener(theEvent:string, theHandler:any);

  // remove all listeners
  removeAllListeners(theEvent:string);

  // dispatch event to all listeners
  dispatchAll(theEvent:string);

  // send event to a handler
  dispatchEvent(theEvent:string, theHandler:any);
}

class EventDispatcher implement IEventDispatcher {
  private _eventHandlers = {};

  // maintain a list of listeners
  public addEventListener(theEvent:string, theHandler:any) {
    this._eventHandlers[theEvent] = this._eventHandlers[theEvent] || [];
    this._eventHandlers[theEvent].push(theHandler);
  }

  // remove a listener
  removeEventListener(theEvent:string, theHandler:any) {
    // TODO
  }

  // remove all listeners
  removeAllListeners(theEvent:string) {
    // TODO
  }

  // dispatch event to all listeners
  dispatchAll(theEvent:string) {
    var theHandlers = this._eventHandlers[theEvent];
    if(theHandlers) {
      for(var i = 0; i < theHandlers.length; i += 1) {
        dispatchEvent(theEvent, theHandlers[i]);
      }
    }
  }

  // send event to a handler
  dispatchEvent(theEvent:string, theHandler:any) {
    theHandler(theEvent);
  }
}
于 2012-10-15T23:54:06.200 回答
2

您可以在 TypeScript 中使用自定义事件。我不确定你到底想做什么,但这里有一个例子:

module Example {
    export class ClassWithEvents {
        public div: HTMLElement;

        constructor (id: string) {
            this.div = document.getElementById(id);

            // Create the event
            var evt = document.createEvent('Event');
            evt.initEvent('customevent', true, true);

            // Create a listener for the event
            var listener = function (e: Event) {
                var element = <HTMLElement> e.target;
                element.innerHTML = 'hello';
            }

            // Attach the listener to the event
            this.div.addEventListener('customevent', listener);

            // Trigger the event
            this.div.dispatchEvent(evt);
        }
    }
}

如果您想做更具体的事情,请告诉我。

于 2012-10-14T16:38:54.710 回答
1

如果您希望使用标准发射器模式进行智能感知类型检查,您现在可以执行以下操作:

type DataEventType = "data";
type ErrorEventType = "error";
declare interface IDataStore<TResponse> extends Emitter {
    on(name: DataEventType, handler : (data: TResponse) => void);   
    on(name: ErrorEventType, handler: (error: any) => void);    
}
于 2016-03-17T14:42:45.687 回答
0

这是一个使用子事件向您的类添加自定义类型事件的简单示例:

class MyClass {

    readonly onMessage: SubEvent<string> = new SubEvent();
    readonly onData: SubEvent<MyCustomType> = new SubEvent();

    sendMessage(msg: string) {
        this.onMessage.emit(msg);
    }

    sendData(data: MyCustomType) {
        this.onData.emit(data);
    }
}

然后任何客户端都可以订阅接收这些事件:

const a = new MyClass();

const sub1 = a.onMessage.subscribe(msg => {
    // msg here is strongly-typed
});

const sub2 = a.onData.subscribe(data => {
    // data here is strongly-typed
});

当您不再需要这些事件时,您可以取消订阅:

sub1.cancel();

sub2.cancel();
于 2019-05-31T17:54:54.050 回答
0

此解决方案允许您直接在函数调用中编写参数,而不需要将所有参数包装在一个对象中。

interface ISubscription {
   (...args: any[]): void;
}

class PubSub<T extends ISubscription> {
    protected _subscribed : ISubscriptionItem[] = [];

    protected findSubscription(event : T) : ISubscriptionItem {
        this._subscribed.forEach( (item : ISubscriptionItem) =>{
            if (item.func==event)
              return item;
        } );
        return null;
    }

    public sub(applyObject : any,event : T) {
        var newItem = this.findSubscription(event);
        if (!newItem) {
            newItem = {object : applyObject, func : event };
            this._subscribed.push(newItem);
            this.doChangedEvent();
        }
    }
    public unsub(event : T) {
        for ( var i=this._subscribed.length-1 ; i>=0; i--) {
            if (this._subscribed[i].func==event)
                this._subscribed.splice(i,1);
        }
        this.doChangedEvent();
    }
    protected doPub(...args: any[]) {
        this._subscribed.forEach((item : ISubscriptionItem)=> {
            item.func.apply(item.object, args);
        })
    }

    public get pub() : T {
        var pubsub=this;
        var func=  (...args: any[]) => {
            pubsub.doPub(args);
        }
        return <T>func;
    }

    public get pubAsync() : T {
        var pubsub=this;
        var func =  (...args: any[]) => {
            setTimeout( () => {
                pubsub.doPub(args);
            });
        }
        return <T>func;
    }

    public get count() : number {
        return this._subscribed.length
    }

}

用法:

interface ITestEvent {
    (test : string): void;
}

var onTestEvent = new PubSub<ITestEvent>();
//subscribe to the event
onTestEvent.sub(monitor,(test : string) => {alert("called:"+test)});
//call the event
onTestEvent.pub("test1");
于 2015-08-17T15:15:31.687 回答
0

您可以使用 rxjs 来实现这一点。

在您的班级中声明以下内容:

export class MyClass {
    private _eventSubject = new Subject();
   
    public events = this._eventSubject.asObservable();

    public dispatchEvent(data: any) {
        this._eventSubject.next(data);
    }
}

然后你可以通过这种方式触发事件:

let myClassInstance = new MyClass();
myClassInstance.dispatchEvent(data);

并通过以下方式收听此事件:

myClassInstance.events.subscribe((data: any) => { yourCallback(); });
于 2021-05-18T12:22:40.430 回答
-1

您可以在YouTube 上找到事件调度程序声明。观看视频后,您将能够拥有事件调度程序的完全类型化版本

于 2020-03-12T01:21:41.903 回答