您可以使用编辑距离并找到参考的最小编辑距离子字符串来执行此操作。在此处查看我对类似问题的回答(PHP 实现):
具有错误字符容差的最长公共子串
使用shortest_edit_substring()
上面链接中的函数,您可以在删除除字母(或您想要保留的任何内容:字母、数字等)之外的所有内容后添加它以进行搜索,然后将结果正确映射回原始版本。
// map a stripped down substring back to the original version
function map_substring($haystack_letters,$start,$length,$haystack, $regexp)
{
$r_haystack = str_split($haystack);
$r_haystack_letters = $r_haystack;
foreach($r_haystack as $k => $l)
{
if (preg_match($regexp,$l))
{
unset($r_haystack_letters[$k]);
}
}
$key_map = array_keys($r_haystack_letters);
$real_start = $key_map[$start];
$real_end = $key_map[$start+$length-1];
$real_length = $real_end - $real_start + 1;
return array($real_start,$real_length);
}
$haystack = 'Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.';
$needle = 'ieldasafinalrTstingplaceforwhofoughtheregavetheirliZesthatthatn';
// strip out all non-letters
$regexp_to_strip_out = '/[^A-Za-z]/';
$haystack_letters = preg_replace($regexp_to_strip_out,'',$haystack);
list($start,$length) = shortest_edit_substring($needle,$haystack_letters);
list($real_start,$real_length) = map_substring($haystack_letters,$start,$length,$haystack,$regexp_to_strip_out);
printf("Found |%s| in |%s|, matching |%s|\n",substr($haystack,$real_start,$real_length),$haystack,$needle);
这也将进行纠错;实际上做起来比不做要容易。如果您想要比 PHP 更快的东西,最小编辑距离搜索在其他语言中实现起来非常简单。