不仅使用存储库模式，还使用工作单元模式。这样，您使用的每个实体都有 1 分。
数据/合同/IRepository.cs
namespace Data.Contracts
{
public interface IRepository<T> where T : class
{
IQueryable<T> GetAll();
T GetById(int id);
void Add(T entity);
void Update(T entity);
void Delete(T entity);
void Delete(int id);
}
数据/合同/IUnitOfWork.cs
namespace Data.Contracts
{
/// <summary>
/// Interface for the "Unit of Work"
/// </summary>
public interface IUnitOfWork
{
// Save pending changes to the data store.
void Commit();
// Repositories
IRepository<Event> Events { get; }
IRepository<Candidate> Candidates { get; }
}
}
数据/EFRepository.cs
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;
using System.Linq;
using Data.Contracts;
namespace Data
{
/// <summary>
/// The EF-dependent, generic repository for data access
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type of entity for this Repository.</typeparam>
public class EFRepository<T> : IRepository<T> where T : class
{
public EFRepository(DbContext dbContext)
{
if (dbContext == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("dbContext");
DbContext = dbContext;
DbSet = DbContext.Set<T>();
}
protected DbContext DbContext { get; set; }
protected DbSet<T> DbSet { get; set; }
public virtual IQueryable<T> GetAll()
{
return DbSet;
}
public virtual T GetById(int id)
{
//return DbSet.FirstOrDefault(PredicateBuilder.GetByIdPredicate<T>(id));
return DbSet.Find(id);
}
public virtual void Add(T entity)
{
DbEntityEntry dbEntityEntry = DbContext.Entry(entity);
if (dbEntityEntry.State != EntityState.Detached)
{
dbEntityEntry.State = EntityState.Added;
}
else
{
DbSet.Add(entity);
}
}
public virtual void Update(T entity)
{
DbEntityEntry dbEntityEntry = DbContext.Entry(entity);
if (dbEntityEntry.State == EntityState.Detached)
{
DbSet.Attach(entity);
}
dbEntityEntry.State = EntityState.Modified;
}
public virtual void Delete(T entity)
{
DbEntityEntry dbEntityEntry = DbContext.Entry(entity);
if (dbEntityEntry.State != EntityState.Deleted)
{
dbEntityEntry.State = EntityState.Deleted;
}
else
{
DbSet.Attach(entity);
DbSet.Remove(entity);
}
}
public virtual void Delete(int id)
{
var entity = GetById(id);
if (entity == null) return; // not found; assume already deleted.
Delete(entity);
}
}
}
数据/UnitOfWork.cs
using System;
using Data.Contracts;
using Data.Helpers;
using Models;
namespace Data
{
/// <summary>
/// The "Unit of Work"
/// 1) decouples the repos from the controllers
/// 2) decouples the DbContext and EF from the controllers
/// 3) manages the UoW
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// This class implements the "Unit of Work" pattern in which
/// the "UoW" serves as a facade for querying and saving to the database.
/// Querying is delegated to "repositories".
/// Each repository serves as a container dedicated to a particular
/// root entity type such as a <see cref="Url"/>.
/// A repository typically exposes "Get" methods for querying and
/// will offer add, update, and delete methods if those features are supported.
/// The repositories rely on their parent UoW to provide the interface to the
/// data layer (which is the EF DbContext in this example).
/// </remarks>
public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork, IDisposable
{
public UnitOfWork(IRepositoryProvider repositoryProvider)
{
CreateDbContext();
repositoryProvider.DbContext = DbContext;
RepositoryProvider = repositoryProvider;
}
// Repositories
public IRepository<Event> Events { get { return GetStandardRepo<Event>(); } }
public IRepository<Candidate> Candidates { get { return GetStandardRepo<Candidate>(); } }
/// <summary>
/// Save pending changes to the database
/// </summary>
public void Commit()
{
//System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Committed");
DbContext.SaveChanges();
}
protected void CreateDbContext()
{
DbContext = new UnicornsContext();
}
protected IRepositoryProvider RepositoryProvider { get; set; }
private IRepository<T> GetStandardRepo<T>() where T : class
{
return RepositoryProvider.GetRepositoryForEntityType<T>();
}
private T GetRepo<T>() where T : class
{
return RepositoryProvider.GetRepository<T>();
}
private UnicornsContext DbContext { get; set; }
#region IDisposable
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (DbContext != null)
{
DbContext.Dispose();
}
}
}
#endregion
}
}
数据/Helpers/IRepositoryProvider.cs
using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using Data.Contracts;
namespace Data.Helpers
{
/// <summary>
/// Interface for a class that can provide repositories by type.
/// The class may create the repositories dynamically if it is unable
/// to find one in its cache of repositories.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Repositories created by this provider tend to require a <see cref="DbContext"/>
/// to retrieve data.
/// </remarks>
public interface IRepositoryProvider
{
/// <summary>
/// Get and set the <see cref="DbContext"/> with which to initialize a repository
/// if one must be created.
/// </summary>
DbContext DbContext { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Get an <see cref="IRepository{T}"/> for entity type, T.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">
/// Root entity type of the <see cref="IRepository{T}"/>.
/// </typeparam>
IRepository<T> GetRepositoryForEntityType<T>() where T : class;
/// <summary>
/// Get a repository of type T.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">
/// Type of the repository, typically a custom repository interface.
/// </typeparam>
/// <param name="factory">
/// An optional repository creation function that takes a <see cref="DbContext"/>
/// and returns a repository of T. Used if the repository must be created.
/// </param>
/// <remarks>
/// Looks for the requested repository in its cache, returning if found.
/// If not found, tries to make one with the factory, fallingback to
/// a default factory if the factory parameter is null.
/// </remarks>
T GetRepository<T>(Func<DbContext, object> factory = null) where T : class;
/// <summary>
/// Set the repository to return from this provider.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Set a repository if you don't want this provider to create one.
/// Useful in testing and when developing without a backend
/// implementation of the object returned by a repository of type T.
/// </remarks>
void SetRepository<T>(T repository);
}
}
数据/Helpers/RepositoryProvider.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using Data.Contracts;
namespace Data.Helpers
{
/// <summary>
/// Provides an <see cref="IRepository{T}"/> for a client request.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Caches repositories of a given type so that repositories are only created once per provider.
/// There should be a a new provider per client request.
/// </remarks>
public class RepositoryProvider : IRepositoryProvider
{
public RepositoryProvider(RepositoryFactories repositoryFactories)
{
_repositoryFactories = repositoryFactories;
Repositories = new Dictionary<Type, object>();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get and set the <see cref="DbContext"/> with which to initialize a repository
/// if one must be created.
/// </summary>
public DbContext DbContext { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Get or create-and-cache the default <see cref="IRepository{T}"/> for an entity of type T.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">
/// Root entity type of the <see cref="IRepository{T}"/>.
/// </typeparam>
/// <remarks>
/// If can't find repository in cache, use a factory to create one.
/// </remarks>
public IRepository<T> GetRepositoryForEntityType<T>() where T : class
{
return GetRepository<IRepository<T>>(
_repositoryFactories.GetRepositoryFactoryForEntityType<T>());
}
/// <summary>
/// Get or create-and-cache a repository of type T.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">
/// Type of the repository, typically a custom repository interface.
/// </typeparam>
/// <param name="factory">
/// An optional repository creation function that takes a DbContext argument
/// and returns a repository of T. Used if the repository must be created and
/// caller wants to specify the specific factory to use rather than one
/// of the injected <see cref="RepositoryFactories"/>.
/// </param>
/// <remarks>
/// Looks for the requested repository in its cache, returning if found.
/// If not found, tries to make one using <see cref="MakeRepository{T}"/>.
/// </remarks>
public virtual T GetRepository<T>(Func<DbContext, object> factory = null) where T : class
{
// Look for T dictionary cache under typeof(T).
object repoObj;
Repositories.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out repoObj);
if (repoObj != null)
{
return (T)repoObj;
}
// Not found or null; make one, add to dictionary cache, and return it.
return MakeRepository<T>(factory, DbContext);
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the dictionary of repository objects, keyed by repository type.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Caller must know how to cast the repository object to a useful type.
/// <p>This is an extension point. You can register fully made repositories here
/// and they will be used instead of the ones this provider would otherwise create.</p>
/// </remarks>
protected Dictionary<Type, object> Repositories { get; private set; }
/// <summary>Make a repository of type T.</summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type of repository to make.</typeparam>
/// <param name="dbContext">
/// The <see cref="DbContext"/> with which to initialize the repository.
/// </param>
/// <param name="factory">
/// Factory with <see cref="DbContext"/> argument. Used to make the repository.
/// If null, gets factory from <see cref="_repositoryFactories"/>.
/// </param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected virtual T MakeRepository<T>(Func<DbContext, object> factory, DbContext dbContext)
{
var f = factory ?? _repositoryFactories.GetRepositoryFactory<T>();
if (f == null)
{
throw new NotImplementedException("No factory for repository type, " + typeof(T).FullName);
}
var repo = (T)f(dbContext);
Repositories[typeof(T)] = repo;
return repo;
}
/// <summary>
/// Set the repository for type T that this provider should return.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Plug in a custom repository if you don't want this provider to create one.
/// Useful in testing and when developing without a backend
/// implementation of the object returned by a repository of type T.
/// </remarks>
public void SetRepository<T>(T repository)
{
Repositories[typeof(T)] = repository;
}
/// <summary>
/// The <see cref="RepositoryFactories"/> with which to create a new repository.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Should be initialized by constructor injection
/// </remarks>
private RepositoryFactories _repositoryFactories;
}
}
数据/Helpers/RepositoryFactories.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using Data.Contracts;
namespace Data.Helpers
{
/// <summary>
/// A maker of Repositories.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// An instance of this class contains repository factory functions for different types.
/// Each factory function takes an EF <see cref="DbContext"/> and returns
/// a repository bound to that DbContext.
/// <para>
/// Designed to be a "Singleton", configured at web application start with
/// all of the factory functions needed to create any type of repository.
/// Should be thread-safe to use because it is configured at app start,
/// before any request for a factory, and should be immutable thereafter.
/// </para>
/// </remarks>
public class RepositoryFactories
{
/// <summary>
/// Return the runtime repository factory functions,
/// each one is a factory for a repository of a particular type.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// MODIFY THIS METHOD TO ADD CUSTOM FACTORY FUNCTIONS
/// </remarks>
private IDictionary<Type, Func<DbContext, object>> GetFactories()
{
return new Dictionary<Type, Func<DbContext, object>>
{
//If you have an custom implementation of an IRepository<T>
//{typeof(IArticleRepository), dbContext => new ArticleRepository(dbContext)}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor that initializes with runtime repository factories
/// </summary>
public RepositoryFactories()
{
_repositoryFactories = GetFactories();
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor that initializes with an arbitrary collection of factories
/// </summary>
/// <param name="factories">
/// The repository factory functions for this instance.
/// </param>
/// <remarks>
/// This ctor is primarily useful for testing this class
/// </remarks>
public RepositoryFactories(IDictionary<Type, Func<DbContext, object>> factories)
{
_repositoryFactories = factories;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the repository factory function for the type.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type serving as the repository factory lookup key.</typeparam>
/// <returns>The repository function if found, else null.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// The type parameter, T, is typically the repository type
/// but could be any type (e.g., an entity type)
/// </remarks>
public Func<DbContext, object> GetRepositoryFactory<T>()
{
Func<DbContext, object> factory;
_repositoryFactories.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out factory);
return factory;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the factory for <see cref="IRepository{T}"/> where T is an entity type.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The root type of the repository, typically an entity type.</typeparam>
/// <returns>
/// A factory that creates the <see cref="IRepository{T}"/>, given an EF <see cref="DbContext"/>.
/// </returns>
/// <remarks>
/// Looks first for a custom factory in <see cref="_repositoryFactories"/>.
/// If not, falls back to the <see cref="DefaultEntityRepositoryFactory{T}"/>.
/// You can substitute an alternative factory for the default one by adding
/// a repository factory for type "T" to <see cref="_repositoryFactories"/>.
/// </remarks>
public Func<DbContext, object> GetRepositoryFactoryForEntityType<T>() where T : class
{
return GetRepositoryFactory<T>() ?? DefaultEntityRepositoryFactory<T>();
}
/// <summary>
/// Default factory for a <see cref="IRepository{T}"/> where T is an entity.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type of the repository's root entity</typeparam>
protected virtual Func<DbContext, object> DefaultEntityRepositoryFactory<T>() where T : class
{
return dbContext => new EFRepository<T>(dbContext);
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the dictionary of repository factory functions.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// A dictionary key is a System.Type, typically a repository type.
/// A value is a repository factory function
/// that takes a <see cref="DbContext"/> argument and returns
/// a repository object. Caller must know how to cast it.
/// </remarks>
private readonly IDictionary<Type, Func<DbContext, object>> _repositoryFactories;
}
}
现在，如果你有这个来使用你的 UnitOfWork，你不能因为所有的依赖关系而简单地调用它，如果你在知道可以简单地解决这些依赖关系之前使用了 IoC 容器。在我的例子中，我使用了 Ninject，所以设置它的代码是：
var kernel = new StandardKernel(); // Ninject IoC
kernel.Bind<RepositoryFactories>().To<RepositoryFactories>().InSingletonScope();
kernel.Bind<IRepositoryProvider>().To<RepositoryProvider>();
kernel.Bind<IUnitOfWork>().To<UnitOfWork>();
然后对于您的页面，您可以添加一个基本页面类：
Web.BasePage.cs
namespace Web
{
public abstract class BasePage : System.Web.UI.Page
{
// NOT NECESSARY TO DISPOSE THE UOW IN OUR CONTROLLERS
// Recall that we let IoC inject the Uow into our controllers
// We can depend upon on IoC to dispose the UoW for us
protected IUnitOfWork Uow { get; set; }
}
}
或者在 MVC 的情况下，您可以添加一个基本控制器：
Web/控制器/BaseController.cs
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace Site.Controllers
{
public abstract class BaseController : Controller
{
// NOT NECESSARY TO DISPOSE THE UOW IN OUR CONTROLLERS
// Recall that we let IoC inject the Uow into our controllers
// We can depend upon on IoC to dispose the UoW for us
protected IUnitOfWork Uow { get; set; }
}
}
然后在您的代码中，当您想要访问您的实体时，这非常容易。您可以简单地调用每个页面中可用的 UnitOfWork 并访问其中的不同存储库。因为它们都共享相同的 DbContext，所以您的问题不复存在。
我制作了一个非常简单的工作单元模式示例，支持 Ninject 以实现控制反转。
在我的示例中有一个ASP.NET Webforms AND 和 ASP.NET MVC4示例
该示例是一个单页站点，每次加载站点时，它都会将一个事件添加到示例数据库，并将类别添加到数据库，两者都具有随机名称。（我需要一些数据库的东西，所以我只做了 2 个简单的 pocos）。之后，页面将显示两个列表中的所有内容。只需查看Mvc4/Controllers/HomeController.csor WebForms/Default.aspx.cs。
Skydrive 上的示例