我一直在看这个Ada 95 教程。我在读到可以定义一个范围不同于标准范围的类型,如果程序试图超出这个范围,它将引发错误。在我自己的程序上工作时,我注意到如果定义中范围的结尾落在其基础类型的边界上,那么在分配超出该范围的值时,程序将不会引发 CONSTRAINT_ERROR。相反,它会愉快地继续前进,然后环绕。我编写了一个程序来明确显示这一点。
有谁知道解释这种行为的 Ada 规则?
-柯克
这是我终端的输出,源代码在下面。
me@acheron:~/Dropbox/programs/ada$ gnatmake constraints.adb -f
gcc-4.6 -c constraints.adb
gnatbind -x constraints.ali
gnatlink constraints.ali
me@acheron:~/Dropbox/programs/ada$ ./constraints
Type ON has size: 7
It has a min/max of: 0 127
It's base has a min/max of: -128 127
Type UNDER has size: 7
It has a min/max of: 0 126
It's base has a min/max of: -128 127
The value of No_Error is: 245
raised CONSTRAINT_ERROR : constraints.adb:58 range check failed
me@acheron:~/Dropbox/programs/ada$
源代码:
with Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
use Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
Procedure Constraints is
type UNDER is range 0..126;
type ON is range 0..127;
type OVER is range 0..128;
Error : UNDER := 0;
No_Error : ON := 0;
Index : INTEGER := 0;
begin
New_Line;
Put("Type ON has size: ");
Put(INTEGER(ON'SIZE));
New_Line;
Put("It has a min/max of: ");
Put(INTEGER(ON'FIRST));
Put(INTEGER(ON'LAST));
New_Line;
Put("It's base has a min/max of: ");
Put(INTEGER(ON'BASE'FIRST));
Put(INTEGER(ON'BASE'LAST));
New_Line;
New_Line;
Put("Type UNDER has size: ");
Put(INTEGER(UNDER'SIZE));
New_Line;
Put("It has a min/max of: ");
Put(INTEGER(UNDER'FIRST));
Put(INTEGER(UNDER'LAST));
New_Line;
Put("It's base has a min/max of: ");
Put(INTEGER(UNDER'BASE'FIRST));
Put(INTEGER(UNDER'BASE'LAST));
Safe_Loop:
loop
No_Error := No_Error + 1;
Index := Index + 1;
--Put(INTEGER(No_Error));
exit Safe_Loop when Index = 245;
end loop Safe_Loop;
New_Line;
Put("The value of No_Error is: ");
Put(INTEGER(No_Error));
Index := 0;
Crash_Loop:
loop
Error := Error + 1;
Index := Index + 1;
exit Crash_Loop when Index = 245;
end loop Crash_Loop;
end Constraints;