可能重复：
之间的差异。和 ＃
Pry gem 提供了通过在 pry 控制台中输入 ls -m 来查看对象上所有方法的能力。当我在主题模型上执行 ls -m 时，它显示了这两种类型的方法
Topic.methods 和 Topic#methods。有什么区别？
主题.方法
Topic.methods: _create_callbacks _save_callbacks _update_callbacks _validate_callbacks _validators after_add_for_posts after_add_for_posts= after_add_for_posts? after_remove_for_posts after_remove_for_posts= after_remove_for_posts? before_add_for_posts before_add_for_posts= before_add_for_posts? before_remove_for_posts before_remove_for_posts= before_remove_for_posts? reflections
主题#methods
Topic#methods: _one_time_conditions_valid_12? _one_time_conditions_valid_14? _one_time_conditions_valid_18? _one_time_conditions_valid_22? _one_time_conditions_valid_24? after_add_for_posts after_add_for_posts= after_add_for_posts? after_remove_for_posts after_remove_for_posts= after_remove_for_posts? autosave_associated_records_for_posts autosave_associated_records_for_user before_add_for_posts before_add_for_posts= before_add_for_posts? before_remove_for_posts before_remove_for_posts= before_remove_for_posts? joe validate_associated_records_for_posts
更新
需要注意的是，这两种方法只有在我进入 Topic 的第一个实例之后才会出现。即光盘Topic.first
如果我只 cd 进入主题，然后执行 ls -m，我只会看到
Topic.methods