415

使用 Python 从字符串中去除所有非字母数字字符的最佳方法是什么?

这个问题的 PHP 变体中提供的解决方案可能会通过一些小的调整来工作,但对我来说似乎不是很“pythonic”。

作为记录,我不仅想去掉句号和逗号(和其他标点符号),还想去掉引号、括号等。

4

15 回答 15

410

出于好奇,我只是对一些功能进行了计时。在这些测试中,我从字符串中删除了非字母数字字符string.printable(内置string模块的一部分)。使用编译'[\W_]+'pattern.sub('', str)发现速度最快。

$ python -m timeit -s \
     "import string" \
     "''.join(ch for ch in string.printable if ch.isalnum())" 
10000 loops, best of 3: 57.6 usec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s \
    "import string" \
    "filter(str.isalnum, string.printable)"                 
10000 loops, best of 3: 37.9 usec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s \
    "import re, string" \
    "re.sub('[\W_]', '', string.printable)"
10000 loops, best of 3: 27.5 usec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s \
    "import re, string" \
    "re.sub('[\W_]+', '', string.printable)"                
100000 loops, best of 3: 15 usec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s \
    "import re, string; pattern = re.compile('[\W_]+')" \
    "pattern.sub('', string.printable)" 
100000 loops, best of 3: 11.2 usec per loop
于 2009-08-14T10:03:32.190 回答
340

正则表达式的救援:

import re
re.sub(r'\W+', '', your_string)

通过 Python 定义'\W== [^a-zA-Z0-9_],它排除了 all numbersletters并且_

于 2009-08-14T08:57:37.767 回答
76

使用str.translate()方法。

假设你会经常这样做:

  1. 一次,创建一个包含您要删除的所有字符的字符串:

    delchars = ''.join(c for c in map(chr, range(256)) if not c.isalnum())
    
  2. 每当您想压缩字符串时:

    scrunched = s.translate(None, delchars)
    

设置成本可能与re.compile; 边际成本要低得多:

C:\junk>\python26\python -mtimeit -s"import string;d=''.join(c for c in map(chr,range(256)) if not c.isalnum());s=string.printable" "s.translate(None,d)"
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.04 usec per loop

C:\junk>\python26\python -mtimeit -s"import re,string;s=string.printable;r=re.compile(r'[\W_]+')" "r.sub('',s)"
100000 loops, best of 3: 7.34 usec per loop

注意:使用string.printable作为基准数据会给模式带来'[\W_]+'不公平的优势;所有非字母数字字符都在一堆......在典型数据中,将有不止一个替换:

C:\junk>\python26\python -c "import string; s = string.printable; print len(s),repr(s)"
100 '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'

如果您re.sub多做一些工作,会发生以下情况:

C:\junk>\python26\python -mtimeit -s"d=''.join(c for c in map(chr,range(256)) if not c.isalnum());s='foo-'*25" "s.translate(None,d)"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.97 usec per loop

C:\junk>\python26\python -mtimeit -s"import re;s='foo-'*25;r=re.compile(r'[\W_]+')" "r.sub('',s)"
10000 loops, best of 3: 26.4 usec per loop
于 2009-08-15T00:33:48.707 回答
53

你可以试试:

print ''.join(ch for ch in some_string if ch.isalnum())
于 2009-08-14T09:02:28.413 回答
18
>>> import re
>>> string = "Kl13@£$%[};'\""
>>> pattern = re.compile('\W')
>>> string = re.sub(pattern, '', string)
>>> print string
Kl13
于 2009-08-14T09:01:22.860 回答
15

怎么样:

def ExtractAlphanumeric(InputString):
    from string import ascii_letters, digits
    return "".join([ch for ch in InputString if ch in (ascii_letters + digits)])

这通过使用列表推导来生成字符列表(InputString如果它们存在于组合字符串中)ascii_lettersdigits然后它将列表连接成一个字符串。

于 2009-08-14T08:58:39.700 回答
8
sent = "".join(e for e in sent if e.isalpha())
于 2018-12-04T15:27:36.407 回答
6

作为此处其他一些答案的衍生,我提供了一种非常简单且灵活的方法来定义您希望将字符串内容限制为的一组字符。在这种情况下,我允许使用字母数字加上破折号和下划线。PERMITTED_CHARS只需根据您的用例 添加或删除我的字符即可。

PERMITTED_CHARS = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_-" 
someString = "".join(c for c in someString if c in PERMITTED_CHARS)
于 2017-03-13T12:54:22.387 回答
5

使用随机的 ASCII 可打印字符串计时:

from inspect import getsource
from random import sample
import re
from string import printable
from timeit import timeit

pattern_single = re.compile(r'[\W]')
pattern_repeat = re.compile(r'[\W]+')
translation_tb = str.maketrans('', '', ''.join(c for c in map(chr, range(256)) if not c.isalnum()))


def generate_test_string(length):
    return ''.join(sample(printable, length))


def main():
    for i in range(0, 60, 10):
        for test in [
            lambda: ''.join(c for c in generate_test_string(i) if c.isalnum()),
            lambda: ''.join(filter(str.isalnum, generate_test_string(i))),
            lambda: re.sub(r'[\W]', '', generate_test_string(i)),
            lambda: re.sub(r'[\W]+', '', generate_test_string(i)),
            lambda: pattern_single.sub('', generate_test_string(i)),
            lambda: pattern_repeat.sub('', generate_test_string(i)),
            lambda: generate_test_string(i).translate(translation_tb),

        ]:
            print(timeit(test), i, getsource(test).lstrip('            lambda: ').rstrip(',\n'), sep='\t')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

结果(Python 3.7):

       Time       Length                           Code                           
6.3716264850008880  00  ''.join(c for c in generate_test_string(i) if c.isalnum())
5.7285426190064750  00  ''.join(filter(str.isalnum, generate_test_string(i)))
8.1875841680011940  00  re.sub(r'[\W]', '', generate_test_string(i))
8.0002205439959650  00  re.sub(r'[\W]+', '', generate_test_string(i))
5.5290945199958510  00  pattern_single.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
5.4417179649972240  00  pattern_repeat.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
4.6772285089973590  00  generate_test_string(i).translate(translation_tb)
23.574712151996210  10  ''.join(c for c in generate_test_string(i) if c.isalnum())
22.829975890002970  10  ''.join(filter(str.isalnum, generate_test_string(i)))
27.210196289997840  10  re.sub(r'[\W]', '', generate_test_string(i))
27.203713296003116  10  re.sub(r'[\W]+', '', generate_test_string(i))
24.008979928999906  10  pattern_single.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
23.945240008994006  10  pattern_repeat.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
21.830899796994345  10  generate_test_string(i).translate(translation_tb)
38.731336012999236  20  ''.join(c for c in generate_test_string(i) if c.isalnum())
37.942474347000825  20  ''.join(filter(str.isalnum, generate_test_string(i)))
42.169366310001350  20  re.sub(r'[\W]', '', generate_test_string(i))
41.933375883003464  20  re.sub(r'[\W]+', '', generate_test_string(i))
38.899814646996674  20  pattern_single.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
38.636144253003295  20  pattern_repeat.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
36.201238164998360  20  generate_test_string(i).translate(translation_tb)
49.377356811004574  30  ''.join(c for c in generate_test_string(i) if c.isalnum())
48.408927293996385  30  ''.join(filter(str.isalnum, generate_test_string(i)))
53.901889764994850  30  re.sub(r'[\W]', '', generate_test_string(i))
52.130339455994545  30  re.sub(r'[\W]+', '', generate_test_string(i))
50.061149017004940  30  pattern_single.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
49.366573111998150  30  pattern_repeat.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
46.649754120997386  30  generate_test_string(i).translate(translation_tb)
63.107938601999194  40  ''.join(c for c in generate_test_string(i) if c.isalnum())
65.116287978999030  40  ''.join(filter(str.isalnum, generate_test_string(i)))
71.477421126997800  40  re.sub(r'[\W]', '', generate_test_string(i))
66.027950693998720  40  re.sub(r'[\W]+', '', generate_test_string(i))
63.315361931003280  40  pattern_single.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
62.342320287003530  40  pattern_repeat.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
58.249303059004890  40  generate_test_string(i).translate(translation_tb)
73.810345625002810  50  ''.join(c for c in generate_test_string(i) if c.isalnum())
72.593953348005020  50  ''.join(filter(str.isalnum, generate_test_string(i)))
76.048324580995540  50  re.sub(r'[\W]', '', generate_test_string(i))
75.106637657001560  50  re.sub(r'[\W]+', '', generate_test_string(i))
74.681338128997600  50  pattern_single.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
72.430461594005460  50  pattern_repeat.sub('', generate_test_string(i))
69.394243567003290  50  generate_test_string(i).translate(translation_tb)

str.maketrans&str.translate最快,但包括所有非 ASCII 字符。 re.compile&pattern.sub较慢,但在某种程度上比''.join&快filter

于 2019-01-02T00:12:41.977 回答
3

对于一个简单的单行(Python 3.0):

''.join(filter( lambda x: x in '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', the_string_you_want_stripped ))

对于 Python < 3.0:

filter( lambda x: x in '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', the_string_you_want_stripped )

注意:如果需要,您可以将其他字符添加到允许的字符列表中(例如,'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.,_')。

于 2021-07-08T23:01:41.723 回答
3

蟒蛇 3

使用与@John Machin 的答案相同的方法,但针对 Python 3 进行了更新:

  • 更大的字符集
  • 工作方式的细微变化translate

现在假定 Python 代码以 UTF-8 编码
(来源:PEP 3120

这意味着包含您要删除的所有字符的字符串会变得更大:

    
del_chars = ''.join(c for c in map(chr, range(1114111)) if not c.isalnum())
    

并且该translate方法现在需要使用我们可以创建的转换表maketrans()

    
del_map = str.maketrans('', '', del_chars)
    

现在,和以前一样,s您想要“揉搓”的任何字符串:

    
scrunched = s.translate(del_map)
    

使用@Joe Machin 的最后一个计时示例,我们可以看到它仍然re以一个数量级的速度节拍:

    
> python -mtimeit -s"d=''.join(c for c in map(chr,range(1114111)) if not c.isalnum());m=str.maketrans('','',d);s='foo-'*25" "s.translate(m)"
    
1000000 loops, best of 5: 255 nsec per loop
    
> python -mtimeit -s"import re;s='foo-'*25;r=re.compile(r'[\W_]+')" "r.sub('',s)"
    
50000 loops, best of 5: 4.8 usec per loop
    
于 2021-12-10T20:24:34.723 回答
2
for char in my_string:
    if not char.isalnum():
        my_string = my_string.replace(char,"")
于 2018-10-27T06:36:59.867 回答
1

一个简单的解决方案,因为这里的所有答案都很复杂

filtered = ''
for c in unfiltered:
    if str.isalnum(c):
        filtered += c
    
print(filtered)
于 2022-01-07T11:44:16.130 回答
0

我用perfplot (我的一个项目)检查了结果,发现对于短字符串,

"".join(filter(str.isalnum, s))

最快。对于长字符串(200+ 字符)

re.sub("[\W_]", "", s)

最快。

在此处输入图像描述

重现情节的代码:

import perfplot
import random
import re
import string

pattern = re.compile("[\W_]+")


def setup(n):
    return "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=n))


def string_alphanum(s):
    return "".join(ch for ch in s if ch.isalnum())


def filter_str(s):
    return "".join(filter(str.isalnum, s))


def re_sub1(s):
    return re.sub("[\W_]", "", s)


def re_sub2(s):
    return re.sub("[\W_]+", "", s)


def re_sub3(s):
    return pattern.sub("", s)


b = perfplot.bench(
    setup=setup,
    kernels=[string_alphanum, filter_str, re_sub1, re_sub2, re_sub3],
    n_range=[2**k for k in range(10)],
)
b.save("out.png")
b.show()
于 2022-03-03T16:07:21.110 回答
-3

如果我理解正确,最简单的方法是使用正则表达式,因为它为您提供了很大的灵活性,但另一种简单的方法是使用 for 循环以下是示例代码,我还计算了单词的出现并存储在字典中。

s = """An... essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own 
argument — but the definition is vague, 
overlapping with those of a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays 
have traditionally been 
sub-classified as formal and informal. Formal essays are characterized by "serious 
purpose, dignity, logical 
organization, length," whereas the informal essay is characterized by "the personal 
element (self-revelation, 
individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style, 
rambling structure, unconventionality 
or novelty of theme," etc.[1]"""

d = {}      # creating empty dic      
words = s.split() # spliting string and stroing in list
for word in words:
    new_word = ''
    for c in word:
        if c.isalnum(): # checking if indiviual chr is alphanumeric or not
            new_word = new_word + c
    print(new_word, end=' ')
    # if new_word not in d:
    #     d[new_word] = 1
    # else:
    #     d[new_word] = d[new_word] +1
print(d)

如果这个答案有用,请给这个评分!

于 2020-04-11T16:36:44.867 回答