shell - 使用 cURL 上传带有文件的 POST 数据

Question

我想使用 cURL 不仅可以在 HTTP POST 中发送数据参数，还可以上传具有特定表单名称的文件。我应该怎么做呢？

HTTP Post 参数：

userid = 12345 filecomment = 这是一个图像文件

HTTP文件上传：文件位置=/home/user1/Desktop/test.jpg 文件的表单名=图片（对应PHP端的$_FILES['image']）

我认为 cURL 命令的一部分如下：

curl -d "userid=1&filecomment=This is an image file" --data-binary @"/home/user1/Desktop/test.jpg" localhost/uploader.php

我遇到的问题如下：

Notice: Undefined index: image in /var/www/uploader.php

问题是我正在使用 $_FILES['image'] 来获取 PHP 脚本中的文件。

如何相应地调整我的 cURL 命令？

score 761 · Accepted Answer

您需要使用以下-F选项：
-F/--form <name=content> Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)

试试这个：

curl \
  -F "userid=1" \
  -F "filecomment=This is an image file" \
  -F "image=@/home/user1/Desktop/test.jpg" \
  localhost/uploader.php

score 127 · Accepted Answer

将用户 ID 捕获为路径变量（推荐）：

curl -i -X POST -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" 
-F "data=@test.mp3" http://mysuperserver/media/1234/upload/

捕获用户 ID 作为表单的一部分：

curl -i -X POST -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" 
-F "data=@test.mp3;userid=1234" http://mysuperserver/media/upload/

或者：

curl -i -X POST -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" 
-F "data=@test.mp3" -F "userid=1234" http://mysuperserver/media/upload/

score 22 · Accepted Answer

这是我的解决方案，我已经阅读了很多帖子，它们真的很有帮助。最后，我用 cURL 和 PHP 为小文件编写了一些代码，我认为它们真的很有用。

public function postFile()
{    
        $file_url = "test.txt";  //here is the file route, in this case is on same directory but you can set URL too like "http://examplewebsite.com/test.txt"
        $eol = "\r\n"; //default line-break for mime type
        $BOUNDARY = md5(time()); //random boundaryid, is a separator for each param on my post curl function
        $BODY=""; //init my curl body
        $BODY.= '--'.$BOUNDARY. $eol; //start param header
        $BODY .= 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="sometext"' . $eol . $eol; // last Content with 2 $eol, in this case is only 1 content.
        $BODY .= "Some Data" . $eol;//param data in this case is a simple post data and 1 $eol for the end of the data
        $BODY.= '--'.$BOUNDARY. $eol; // start 2nd param,
        $BODY.= 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="somefile"; filename="test.txt"'. $eol ; //first Content data for post file, remember you only put 1 when you are going to add more Contents, and 2 on the last, to close the Content Instance
        $BODY.= 'Content-Type: application/octet-stream' . $eol; //Same before row
        $BODY.= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64' . $eol . $eol; // we put the last Content and 2 $eol,
        $BODY.= chunk_split(base64_encode(file_get_contents($file_url))) . $eol; // we write the Base64 File Content and the $eol to finish the data,
        $BODY.= '--'.$BOUNDARY .'--' . $eol. $eol; // we close the param and the post width "--" and 2 $eol at the end of our boundary header.



        $ch = curl_init(); //init curl
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array(
                         'X_PARAM_TOKEN : 71e2cb8b-42b7-4bf0-b2e8-53fbd2f578f9' //custom header for my api validation you can get it from $_SERVER["HTTP_X_PARAM_TOKEN"] variable
                         ,"Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=".$BOUNDARY) //setting our mime type for make it work on $_FILE variable
                    );
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'Mozilla/1.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:28.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/28.0'); //setting our user agent
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "api.endpoint.post"); //setting our api post url
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $BOUNDARY.'.txt'); //saving cookies just in case we want
        curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); // call return content
        curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1); navigate the endpoint
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true); //set as post
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $BODY); // set our $BODY 


        $response = curl_exec($ch); // start curl navigation

     print_r($response); //print response

}

有了这个，我们应该可以在“api.endpoint.post”上发布以下变量。您可以轻松地使用此脚本进行测试，并且您应该postFile()在最后一行收到该函数的此调试。

print_r($response); //print response

public function getPostFile()
{

    echo "\n\n_SERVER\n";
    echo "<pre>";
    print_r($_SERVER['HTTP_X_PARAM_TOKEN']);
    echo "/<pre>";
    echo "_POST\n";
    echo "<pre>";
    print_r($_POST['sometext']);
    echo "/<pre>";
    echo "_FILES\n";
    echo "<pre>";
    print_r($_FILEST['somefile']);
    echo "/<pre>";
}

它应该运行良好，它们可能是更好的解决方案，但这确实有效，并且对于理解边界和 multipart/from-data mime 如何在 PHP 和 cURL 库上工作很有帮助。

score 19 · Accepted Answer

如果您要上传 csv 等二进制文件，请使用以下格式上传文件

curl -X POST \
    'http://localhost:8080/workers' \
    -H 'authorization: eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6ImFjY2VzcyIsInR5cGUiOiJhY2Nlc3MifQ.eyJ1c2VySWQiOjEsImFjY291bnRJZCI6MSwiaWF0IjoxNTExMzMwMzg5LCJleHAiOjE1MTM5MjIzODksImF1ZCI6Imh0dHBzOi8veW91cmRvbWFpbi5jb20iLCJpc3MiOiJmZWF0aGVycyIsInN1YiI6ImFub255bW91cyJ9.HWk7qJ0uK6SEi8qSeeB6-TGslDlZOTpG51U6kVi8nYc' \
    -H 'content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \
    --data-binary '@/home/limitless/Downloads/iRoute Masters - Workers.csv'

score 10 · Accepted Answer

经过多次尝试，这个命令对我有用：

curl -v -F filename=image.jpg -F upload=@image.jpg http://localhost:8080/api/upload

score 5 · Accepted Answer

导致我来到这里的问题原来是一个基本的用户错误——我没有@在文件的路径中包含符号，所以 curl 发布的是文件的路径/名称而不是内容。因此，考虑到我的测试文件的长度，该Content-Length值是 8 而不是我期望看到的 479。

当Content-Lengthcurl 读取和发布文件时，将自动计算标题。

curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/xml" --data "@test.xml" -v -X POST https://<url>/<uri/

... < 内容长度：479 ...

在此处发布此内容以帮助将来的其他新手。

score 4 · Accepted Answer

作为替代方案curl，您可以使用HTTPie，它是一个 CLI，类似于 cURL 的人类工具。

安装说明：https ://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#installation

然后，运行：

http -f POST http://localhost:4040/api/users username=johnsnow photo@images/avatar.jpg

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Frontend
Cache-control: no-store
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 89
Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1251
Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2018 11:11:55 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Server: Apache
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Frontend: front623311

...

score 1 · Accepted Answer

以下是如何正确转义上传文件的任意文件名bash：

#!/bin/bash
set -eu

f="$1"
f=${f//\\/\\\\}
f=${f//\"/\\\"}
f=${f//;/\\;}

curl --silent --form "uploaded=@\"$f\"" "$2"

score 1 · Accepted Answer

我得到了这个命令curl -F 'filename=@/home/yourhomedirextory/file.txt' http://yourserver/upload

score 1 · Accepted Answer

cat test.txt

文件 test.txt 内容。

curl -v -F "hello=word" -F "file=@test.txt" https://httpbin.org/post

> POST /post HTTP/2
> Host: httpbin.org
> user-agent: curl/7.68.0
> accept: */*
> content-length: 307
> content-type: multipart/form-data; boundary=------------------------78a9f655d8c87a53
> 
* Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS == 128)!
* We are completely uploaded and fine
< HTTP/2 200 
< date: Mon, 15 Nov 2021 06:18:47 GMT
< content-type: application/json
< content-length: 510
< server: gunicorn/19.9.0
< access-control-allow-origin: *
< access-control-allow-credentials: true
< 
{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {
    "file": "file test.txt content.\n"
  }, 
  "form": {
    "hello": "word"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Content-Length": "307", 
    "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=------------------------78a9f655d8c87a53", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "curl/7.68.0", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6191fbc7-6c68fead194d943d07148860"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "43.129.xx.xxx", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

shell - 使用 cURL 上传带有文件的 POST 数据

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