我想做的是编写一个小程序,它可以持续计算特定进程在足够小的时间单位内经历的上下文切换的数量。我在“Process Explorer”软件中观察到了这个功能,所以我知道这绝对是可能的。
不幸的是,我对如何开始编写代码知之甚少,并且到目前为止还无法在网上找到任何有用的代码片段。因此,一个实现每个进程和每单位时间实时上下文切换计数的小型工作示例对我来说将非常有帮助。
这是一种方法 - 这将每秒打印记事本的线程 0 使用的上下文切换的数量(您可以在 CounterPathBuffer 初始化中替换您想要的任何进程和线程号):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <pdh.h>
#include <pdhmsg.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "pdh.lib")
using namespace std;
CONST ULONG SAMPLE_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
CONST PWSTR BROWSE_DIALOG_CAPTION = L"Select a counter to monitor.";
void wmain(void)
{
PDH_STATUS Status;
HQUERY Query = NULL;
HCOUNTER Counter;
PDH_FMT_COUNTERVALUE DisplayValue;
DWORD CounterType;
SYSTEMTIME SampleTime;
PDH_BROWSE_DLG_CONFIG BrowseDlgData;
WCHAR CounterPathBuffer[PDH_MAX_COUNTER_PATH] = L"\\\\ComputerNameGoesHere\\Thread(notepad/0)\\Context Switches/sec";
//
// Create a query.
//
Status = PdhOpenQuery(NULL, NULL, &Query);
if (Status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
wprintf(L"\nPdhOpenQuery failed with status 0x%x.", Status);
goto Cleanup;
}
//
// Initialize the browser dialog window settings.
//
ZeroMemory(&BrowseDlgData, sizeof(PDH_BROWSE_DLG_CONFIG));
BrowseDlgData.bIncludeInstanceIndex = FALSE;
BrowseDlgData.bSingleCounterPerAdd = TRUE;
BrowseDlgData.bSingleCounterPerDialog = TRUE;
BrowseDlgData.bLocalCountersOnly = FALSE;
BrowseDlgData.bWildCardInstances = TRUE;
BrowseDlgData.bHideDetailBox = TRUE;
BrowseDlgData.bInitializePath = FALSE;
BrowseDlgData.bDisableMachineSelection = FALSE;
BrowseDlgData.bIncludeCostlyObjects = FALSE;
BrowseDlgData.bShowObjectBrowser = FALSE;
BrowseDlgData.hWndOwner = NULL;
BrowseDlgData.szReturnPathBuffer = CounterPathBuffer;
BrowseDlgData.cchReturnPathLength = PDH_MAX_COUNTER_PATH;
BrowseDlgData.pCallBack = NULL;
BrowseDlgData.dwCallBackArg = 0;
BrowseDlgData.CallBackStatus = ERROR_SUCCESS;
BrowseDlgData.dwDefaultDetailLevel = PERF_DETAIL_WIZARD;
BrowseDlgData.szDialogBoxCaption = BROWSE_DIALOG_CAPTION;
//
// Add the selected counter to the query.
//
Status = PdhAddCounter(Query, CounterPathBuffer, 0, &Counter);
if (Status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
wprintf(L"\nPdhAddCounter failed with status 0x%x.", Status);
goto Cleanup;
}
//
// Most counters require two sample values to display a formatted value.
// PDH stores the current sample value and the previously collected
// sample value. This call retrieves the first value that will be used
// by PdhGetFormattedCounterValue in the first iteration of the loop
// Note that this value is lost if the counter does not require two
// values to compute a displayable value.
//
Status = PdhCollectQueryData(Query);
if (Status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
wprintf(L"\nPdhCollectQueryData failed with 0x%x.\n", Status);
goto Cleanup;
}
//
// Print counter values until a key is pressed.
//
while (!_kbhit())
{
Sleep(SAMPLE_INTERVAL_MS);
GetLocalTime(&SampleTime);
Status = PdhCollectQueryData(Query);
if (Status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
wprintf(L"\nPdhCollectQueryData failed with status 0x%x.", Status);
}
wprintf(L"\n\"%2.2d/%2.2d/%4.4d %2.2d:%2.2d:%2.2d.%3.3d\"",
SampleTime.wMonth,
SampleTime.wDay,
SampleTime.wYear,
SampleTime.wHour,
SampleTime.wMinute,
SampleTime.wSecond,
SampleTime.wMilliseconds);
//
// Compute a displayable value for the counter.
//
Status = PdhGetFormattedCounterValue(Counter,
PDH_FMT_DOUBLE,
&CounterType,
&DisplayValue);
if (Status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
wprintf(L"\nPdhGetFormattedCounterValue failed with status 0x%x.", Status);
goto Cleanup;
}
wprintf(L",\"%.20g\"", DisplayValue.doubleValue);
}
Cleanup:
//
// Close the query.
//
if (Query)
{
PdhCloseQuery(Query);
}
int x;
cin >>x;
}
大部分代码来自以下来源:msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa371886%28v=vs.85%29.aspx。我想缩短对上下文切换的连续检查之间的时间(使其少于一秒)。如果有人对如何做到这一点有任何想法,那就太好了。
如果您愿意,ETW(Windows 事件跟踪)将为您提供有关上下文切换的更深入的信息。代码可能比访问性能计数器要复杂得多。
初始链接:Windows 7 中的核心操作系统事件和Windows 性能工具包技术参考
搜索词:“ETW 上下文切换”、“xperf”
在网上稍微搜索了一下,我发现了一个叫做“ Performance Counters ”的东西,你可以提供计数器数据,也可以使用它来消费计数器数据。就您而言,我相信您想从性能计数器中读取数据。
您可以使用注册表接口或 PDH 接口来使用性能数据。PDH 界面比注册表界面更易于使用,建议用于大多数性能数据收集任务。PDH 接口本质上是注册表接口提供的功能的更高级别抽象。