从一些简单的代码开始:
trait Moveable[A] {
def move(a: A): A
}
trait Animal {
def kick[A <: Animal: Moveable](a: A): A = implicitly[Moveable[A]] move a
}
object Cat {
implicit object CatMoveable extends Moveable[Cat] {
def move(cat: Cat): Cat = cat copy (pos = cat.pos + 4)
}
}
case class Cat(pos: Int) extends Animal
case class Dog(pos: Int) extends Animal
val someAnimal: Animal = Dog(0)
val kickedCat: Cat = someAnimal kick Cat(0)
println(kickedCat) // Cat(4)
我决定区分动物Quadruped
和Biped
动物:
trait FourFeetMoveable[A] {
def moveWithFourFeets(a: A): A
}
trait TwoFeetMoveable[A] {
def moveWithTwoFeets(a: A): A
}
trait Animal {
def kick[A <: Animal /*: ??? */](a: A): A
}
trait Quadruped extends Animal {
def kick[A <: Animal: FourFeetMoveable](a: A): A = implicitly[FourFeetMoveable[A]] moveWithFourFeets a
}
trait Biped extends Animal {
def kick[A <: Animal: TwoFeetMoveable](a: A): A = implicitly[TwoFeetMoveable[A]] moveWithTwoFeets a
}
object Chicken {
implicit object ChickenTwoFeetMoveable extends TwoFeetMoveable[Chicken] {
def moveWithTwoFeets(chicken: Chicken): Chicken = chicken copy (pos = chicken.pos + 2)
}
}
case class Dog(pos: Int) extends Quadruped
case class Chicken(pos: Int) extends Biped
val someAnimal: Animal = Dog(0)
val kickedChicken: Chicken = someAnimal kick Chicken(0)
println(kickedChicken) // Chicken(2)
必须有两个完全不同的类型类FourFeetMoveable
和TwoFeetMoveable
,所以我不能用这样的东西抽象它们:
trait Moveable[A] {
def move(a: A): A
}
那么如何抽象出用作上下文绑定kick
在 trait中的方法的类型类Animal
(参见参考资料???
)?
编辑
对不起,我应该让我的例子更清楚。可以说被踢的效果可以是某种运动或某种其他动作。我想用类型类抽象出这种效果。在下面的代码中,我展示了我的意思,并且还使用了抽象类型成员KickingEffect
来抽象所需的类型类,如0__建议的那样:
trait StumbleEffect[A <: Animal] {
def stumble(a: A): A
}
trait GlideEffect[A <: Animal] {
def glide(a: A): A
}
trait Animal {
type KickingEffect[A <: Animal]
def kick[A <: Animal: KickingEffect](a: A): A
}
trait Biped extends Animal {
type KickingEffect[A <: Animal] = StumbleEffect[A]
override def kick[A <: Animal: StumbleEffect](a: A): A = implicitly[StumbleEffect[A]] stumble a
}
trait Quadruped extends Animal {
type KickingEffect[A <: Animal] = GlideEffect[A]
override def kick[A <: Animal: GlideEffect](a: A): A = implicitly[GlideEffect[A]] glide a
}
object Dog {
implicit object DogGlideEffect extends GlideEffect[Dog] {
def glide(dog: Dog): Dog = dog copy (pos = dog.pos + 4)
}
}
case class Dog(pos: Int) extends Quadruped
case class Cat(pos: Int) extends Quadruped
case class Chicken(pos: Int) extends Biped
但是当涉及到动物序列时,我遇到了另一个问题:
type Beast[A <: Animal, KE[_ <: Animal]] = A { type KickingEffect[X <: Animal] = KE[X] }
val dogBeast: Beast[Dog, GlideEffect] = Dog(0) // fine
type GlideBeasts[A <: Quadruped] = Beast[A, GlideEffect]
val glideBeasts: Seq[GlideBeasts[Quadruped]] = Seq(Dog(0), Cat(0)) // fine
def kickAll[A <: Animal, KE[_ <: Animal], KA <: Animal](kicker: Beast[A, KE])(animals: Seq[KA])(implicit ev: kicker.KickingEffect[KA]): Seq[KA] = {
for (a <- animals) yield kicker kick a
}
val cat = Cat(0)
val dog = Dog(0)
kickAll(cat)(Seq(dog)) // wrong inferred kinds of type arguments
kickAll[Cat, GlideEffect, Dog](cat)(Seq(dog)) // missing implicit evidence