37

我刚开始学习 Python，想阅读 Apache 日志文件并将每行的部分内容放入不同的列表中。

文件中的行

172.16.0.3 - - [25/Sep/2002:14:04:19 +0200] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 401 - "" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.1 ) 壁虎/20020827"

根据Apache 网站，格式为

%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\

我可以打开文件并按原样读取它，但我不知道如何让它以这种格式读取，所以我可以将每个部分放在一个列表中。

4

6 回答 6

46

这是正则表达式的工作。

例如：

line = '172.16.0.3 - - [25/Sep/2002:14:04:19 +0200] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 401 - "" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020827"'
regex = '([(\d\.)]+) - - \[(.*?)\] "(.*?)" (\d+) - "(.*?)" "(.*?)"'

import re
print re.match(regex, line).groups()

输出将是一个元组，其中包含来自该行的 6 条信息（特别是该模式中括号内的组）：

('172.16.0.3', '25/Sep/2002:14:04:19 +0200', 'GET / HTTP/1.1', '401', '', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020827')
于 2012-09-22T14:25:18.050 回答
13

使用正则表达式将一行拆分为单独的“标记”：

>>> row = """172.16.0.3 - - [25/Sep/2002:14:04:19 +0200] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 401 - "" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020827" """
>>> import re
>>> map(''.join, re.findall(r'\"(.*?)\"|\[(.*?)\]|(\S+)', row))
['172.16.0.3', '-', '-', '25/Sep/2002:14:04:19 +0200', 'GET / HTTP/1.1', '401', '-', '', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020827']

另一种解决方案是使用专用工具，例如http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pylogsparser/0.4

于 2012-09-22T14:54:36.950 回答
13

我创建了一个 python 库，它就是这样做的：apa​​che-log-parser。

>>> import apache_log_parser
 >>> line_parser = apache_log_parser.make_parser("%h <<%P>> %t %Dus \"%r\" %>s %b  \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %l %u")
>>> log_line_data = line_parser('127.0.0.1 <<6113>> [16/Aug/2013:15:45:34 +0000] 1966093us "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3478  "https://example.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.9.2.18)" - -')
>>> pprint(log_line_data)
{'pid': '6113',
 'remote_host': '127.0.0.1',
 'remote_logname': '-',
 'remote_user': '',
 'request_first_line': 'GET / HTTP/1.1',
 'request_header_referer': 'https://example.com/',
 'request_header_user_agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.9.2.18)',
 'response_bytes_clf': '3478',
 'status': '200',
 'time_received': '[16/Aug/2013:15:45:34 +0000]',
 'time_us': '1966093'}
于 2014-11-05T09:27:36.440 回答
9

考虑到格式的简单性，RegEx 似乎极端且有问题，所以我写了这个小拆分器，其他人可能也会觉得它有用：

def apache2_logrow(s):
    ''' Fast split on Apache2 log lines

    http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/logs.html
    '''
    row = [ ]
    qe = qp = None # quote end character (qe) and quote parts (qp)
    for s in s.replace('\r','').replace('\n','').split(' '):
        if qp:
            qp.append(s)
        elif '' == s: # blanks
            row.append('')
        elif '"' == s[0]: # begin " quote "
            qp = [ s ]
            qe = '"'
        elif '[' == s[0]: # begin [ quote ]
            qp = [ s ]
            qe = ']'
        else:
            row.append(s)

        l = len(s)
        if l and qe == s[-1]: # end quote
            if l == 1 or s[-2] != '\\': # don't end on escaped quotes
                row.append(' '.join(qp)[1:-1].replace('\\'+qe, qe))
                qp = qe = None
    return row
于 2015-03-31T18:54:00.647 回答
4 
import re


HOST = r'^(?P<host>.*?)'
SPACE = r'\s'
IDENTITY = r'\S+'
USER = r'\S+'
TIME = r'(?P<time>\[.*?\])'
REQUEST = r'\"(?P<request>.*?)\"'
STATUS = r'(?P<status>\d{3})'
SIZE = r'(?P<size>\S+)'

REGEX = HOST+SPACE+IDENTITY+SPACE+USER+SPACE+TIME+SPACE+REQUEST+SPACE+STATUS+SPACE+SIZE+SPACE

def parser(log_line):
    match = re.search(REGEX,log_line)
    return ( (match.group('host'),
            match.group('time'), 
                      match.group('request') , 
                      match.group('status') ,
                      match.group('size')
                     )
                   )


logLine = """180.76.15.30 - - [24/Mar/2017:19:37:57 +0000] "GET /shop/page/32/?count=15&orderby=title&add_to_wishlist=4846 HTTP/1.1" 404 10202 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)"""
result = parser(logLine)
print(result)
于 2017-11-03T11:57:03.027 回答
2

在 httpd.conf 中添加它以将 apache 日志转换为 json。

LogFormat "{\"time\":\"%t\", \"remoteIP\" :\"%a\", \"host\": \"%V\", \"request_id\": \"%L\", \"request\":\"%U\", \"query\" : \"%q\", \"method\":\"%m\", \"status\":\"%>s\", \"userAgent\":\"%{User-agent}i\", \"referer\":\"%{Referer}i\" }" json_log

CustomLog /var/log/apache_access_log json_log
CustomLog "|/usr/bin/python -u apacheLogHandler.py" json_log

现在您看到了 json 格式的 access_logs。使用下面的 python 代码来解析不断更新的 json 日志。

apacheLogHandler.py

import time
f = open('apache_access_log.log', 'r')
for line in f: # read all lines already in the file
  print line.strip()

# keep waiting forever for more lines.
while True:
  line = f.readline() # just read more
  if line: # if you got something...
    print 'got data:', line.strip()
  time.sleep(1)
于 2017-01-09T22:35:44.033 回答