编辑
实际上重新初始化密码并没有那么慢。由于迭代次数，创建密钥本身很慢。
此外，迭代计数被忽略并且从未在加密本身中使用，仅在密钥生成时使用。根据所选择的算法，JCE api 会产生误导
原帖
由于 Java 中的密码学相当……密码学，我正在努力做一些优化。在功能方面，这个类工作得很好，我希望它可以作为 AES 加密使用的一个例子
使用 BouncyCastle 的 AES 实现加密和解密数据时出现性能问题（我没有比较，这是我测试的唯一一种实现）。实际上，这个问题对于我决定使用的任何密码都是通用的。
主要问题是：我可以避免每个加密/解密调用的两个密码整个重新初始化吗？它们太贵了
为了简单起见，请记住以下代码已删除其异常处理，并进行了大量简化以保持对问题的关注。同步块是为了保证线程安全
顺便说一句，欢迎对代码的任何部分进行反馈
谢谢
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.Security;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEParameterSpec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
public class AES {
private static final int ITERATIONS = 120000;
private static final int SALT_SIZE_IN_BYTES = 8;
private static final String algorithm = "PBEWithSHA256And128BitAES-CBC-BC";
private static final byte[] KEY_SALT = "a fixed key salt".getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
private Cipher encryptCipher;
private Cipher decryptCipher;
private SecretKey key;
private RandomGenerator randomGenerator = new RandomGenerator();
static {
if (Security.getProvider(BouncyCastleProvider.PROVIDER_NAME) == null)
Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
}
public AES(String passphrase) throws Exception {
encryptCipher = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
decryptCipher = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(passphrase.toCharArray(), KEY_SALT, ITERATIONS);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
key = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
}
public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data) throws Exception {
byte[] salt = randomGenerator.generateRandom(SALT_SIZE_IN_BYTES);
PBEParameterSpec parameterSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, ITERATIONS);
data = DataUtil.append(data, salt);
byte[] encrypted;
synchronized (encryptCipher) {
// as a security constrain, it is necessary to use different salts per encryption
// core issue: want to avoid this reinitialization to change the salt that will be used. Its quite time consuming
encryptCipher.init(javax.crypto.Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, parameterSpec);
encrypted = encryptCipher.doFinal(data);
}
return DataUtil.append(encrypted, salt);
}
public byte[] decrypt(byte[] data) throws Exception {
byte[] salt = extractSaltPart(data);
data = extractDataPart(data);
PBEParameterSpec parameterSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, ITERATIONS);
byte[] decrypted;
synchronized (decryptCipher) {
// as a security constrain, it is necessary to use different salts per encryption
// core issue: want to avoid this reinitialization to change the salt that will be used. Its quite time consuming
decryptCipher.init(javax.crypto.Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, parameterSpec);
decrypted = decryptCipher.doFinal(data);
}
byte[] decryptedSalt = extractSaltPart(decrypted);
if (Arrays.equals(salt, decryptedSalt))
return extractDataPart(decrypted);
else
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Encrypted data is corrupted: Bad Salt");
}
protected byte[] extractDataPart(byte[] bytes) {
return DataUtil.extract(bytes, 0, bytes.length - SALT_SIZE_IN_BYTES);
}
protected byte[] extractSaltPart(byte[] bytes) {
return DataUtil.extract(bytes, bytes.length - SALT_SIZE_IN_BYTES, SALT_SIZE_IN_BYTES);
}
// main method to basic check the code execution
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String plainText = "some plain text, have fun!";
String passphrase = "this is a secret";
byte[] data = plainText.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
AES cipher = new AES(passphrase);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.encrypt(data);
byte[] decrypted = cipher.decrypt(encrypted);
System.out.println("expected: true, actual: " + Arrays.equals(data, decrypted));
}
}
// Utility class
class RandomGenerator {
private SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
public RandomGenerator() {
random = new SecureRandom();
random.nextBoolean();
}
public synchronized byte[] generateRandom(int length) {
byte[] data = new byte[length];
random.nextBytes(data);
return data;
}
}
// Utility class
class DataUtil {
public static byte[] append(byte[] data, byte[] append) {
byte[] merged = new byte[data.length + append.length];
System.arraycopy(data, 0, merged, 0, data.length);
System.arraycopy(append, 0, merged, data.length, append.length);
return merged;
}
public static byte[] extract(byte[] data, int start, int length) {
if (start + length > data.length)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot extract " + length + " bytes starting from index " + start + " from data with length " + data.length);
byte[] extracted = new byte[length];
System.arraycopy(data, start, extracted, 0, length);
return extracted;
}
}