我会尝试创建约束并将违规报告到异常表中。修复数据并启用约束。
创建一些测试数据
create table parent (pk integer
,data varchar2(1)
,CONSTRAINT PARENT_PK PRIMARY KEY (PK) ENABLE );
create table child (pk integer
,pk_parent integer
,data varchar2(1)
,CONSTRAINT CHILD_PK PRIMARY KEY (PK) ENABLE );
insert into parent values (1,'a');
insert into parent values (2,'b');
insert into child values (1,1,'a');
insert into child values (2,2,'b');
insert into child values (3,3,'c');
创建外键约束:
alter table child add constraint fk_parent foreign key(pk_parent) references parent(pk);
SQL Error: ORA-02298: Kan (ROB.FK_PARENT) niet valideren - bovenliggende sleutels zijn niet gevonden.
02298. 00000 - "cannot validate (%s.%s) - parent keys not found"
*Cause: an alter table validating constraint failed because the table has
child records.
*Action: Obvious
使用“启用 novalidate”选项创建外键
alter table child add constraint fk_parent foreign key(pk_parent) references parent(pk) enable novalidate;
table CHILD altered.
insert into child values (4,4,'c');
SQL Error: ORA-02291: Integriteitsbeperking (ROB.FK_PARENT) is geschonden - bovenliggende sleutel is niet gevonden.
02291. 00000 - "integrity constraint (%s.%s) violated - parent key not found"
*Cause: A foreign key value has no matching primary key value.
*Action: Delete the foreign key or add a matching primary key.
不能插入违反 FK 的新数据。
现在让我们修复表中已经存在的违反 FK 约束的数据
创建一个异常表并尝试启用约束:
create table exceptions(row_id rowid,
owner varchar2(30),
table_name varchar2(30),
constraint varchar2(30));
ALTER TABLE child ENABLE constraint fk_parent EXCEPTIONS INTO EXCEPTIONS;
Error report:
SQL Error: ORA-02298: Kan (ROB.FK_PARENT) niet valideren - bovenliggende sleutels zijn niet gevonden.
02298. 00000 - "cannot validate (%s.%s) - parent keys not found"
*Cause: an alter table validating constraint failed because the table has
child records.
*Action: Obvious
检查异常表是否有问题:
select * from exceptions;
ROW_ID OWNER TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT
------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
AABA78 ROB CHILD FK_PARENT
AAFAAA
Ow9AAC
select * from child where rowid = 'AABA78AAFAAAOw9AAC';
解决问题
delete from child where pk = 3;
1 rows deleted.
ALTER TABLE child ENABLE constraint fk_parent EXCEPTIONS INTO EXCEPTIONS;
table CHILD altered.
启用约束且数据正确