tl; dr:您尝试做的事情是不可能的 - 在所有构造函数调用完成之前,枚举类型的静态字段不会被初始化。
考虑这个例子:
public enum Name {
E1("hello"), E2("world");
private static final Name[] values = values();
private Name(String val) {
System.out.println("val = " + val);
dump();
}
protected void dump() {
System.out.println("this = " + this + ", values = " + values);
}
}
请注意,该dump
方法存在的原因是尝试value
从Name
. 使用此测试工具:
public class Main {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println(Name.values());
}
}
我们得到
$ java Main
val = hello
this = E1, values = null
val = world
this = E2, values = null
[LName;@35960f05
使用反编译Name
类,javap
我们看到以下内容:
private static final Name[] $VALUES;
public static Name[] values();
Code:
0: getstatic #1; //Field $VALUES:[LName;
3: invokevirtual #2; //Method "[LName;".clone:()Ljava/lang/Object;
6: checkcast #3; //class "[LName;"
9: areturn
编译器创建一个$VALUES
保存值数组的私有字段,该values()
方法实现为{ return (Name[])$VALUES.clone() }
. 那么如何$VALUES
初始化呢?
static {};
Code:
0: new #4; //class Name
3: dup
4: ldc #19; //String E1
6: iconst_0
7: ldc #20; //String hello
9: invokespecial #21; //Method "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;)V
12: putstatic #22; //Field E1:LName;
15: new #4; //class Name
18: dup
19: ldc #23; //String E2
21: iconst_1
22: ldc #24; //String world
24: invokespecial #21; //Method "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;)V
27: putstatic #25; //Field E2:LName;
30: iconst_2
31: anewarray #4; //class Name
34: dup
35: iconst_0
36: getstatic #22; //Field E1:LName;
39: aastore
40: dup
41: iconst_1
42: getstatic #25; //Field E2:LName;
45: aastore
46: putstatic #1; //Field $VALUES:[LName;
49: invokestatic #26; //Method values:()[LName;
52: putstatic #18; //Field values:[LName;
55: return
}
我们在这里看到的是初始化本质上是:
// compiler-generated initialization code
E1 = new Name("hello");
E2 = new Name("world");
$VALUES = new Name[] {E1, E2};
// static initializer of the values field
values = Name.values();
因此在执行构造函数调用期间,该values
字段将为 null,并且该values()
方法将抛出 NullPointerException(它将被包装在 ExceptionInInitializerError 中)。