59

我在表格预订中有时间戳类型的到达列(我正在使用 postgres )。例如,我将如何选择今年内的所有日期?

我知道我可以做这样的事情:

select * FROM reservations WHERE extract(year from arrival) = 2012;

但是我已经运行了分析,看起来它需要序列扫描。有更好的选择吗?

PS 1 嗯。两种方式似乎都需要seq。扫描。但是wildplasser 的结果更快——为什么?

cmm=# EXPLAIN ANALYZE select * FROM reservations WHERE extract(year from arrival) = 2010;
                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on vrreservations  (cost=0.00..165.78 rows=14 width=4960) (actual time=0.213..4.509 rows=49 loops=1)
   Filter: (date_part('year'::text, arrival) = 2010::double precision)
 Total runtime: 5.615 ms
(3 rows)

cmm=# EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * from reservations WHERE arrival > '2010-01-01 00:00:00' AND arrival < '2011-01-01 00:00:00';
                                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                                   
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on reservations  (cost=0.00..165.78 rows=51 width=4960) (actual time=0.126..2.491 rows=49 loops=1)
   Filter: ((arrival > '2010-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone) AND (arrival < '2011-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone))
 Total runtime: 3.144 ms
(3 rows)

** PS 2 - 在我在到达列上创建索引后,第二种方式变得更快 - 因为它看起来像查询使用索引。Mkey - 我想我会坚持这个。**

                                                                       QUERY PLAN                                                                        
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Bitmap Heap Scan on reservations  (cost=4.77..101.27 rows=51 width=4960) (actual time=0.359..0.791 rows=49 loops=1)
   Recheck Cond: ((arrival > '2010-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone) AND (arrival < '2011-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone))
   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on arrival_idx  (cost=0.00..4.76 rows=51 width=0) (actual time=0.177..0.177 rows=49 loops=1)
         Index Cond: ((arrival > '2010-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone) AND (arrival < '2011-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone))
 Total runtime: 1.265 ms
4

3 回答 3

82
SELECT * 
FROM reservations 
WHERE arrival >= '2012-01-01'
AND arrival < '2013-01-01'
   ;

顺便说一句,如果值的分布表明索引扫描不值得(例如,如果所有值都在 2012 年),优化器仍然可以选择全表扫描。YMMV。解释是你的朋友。

于 2012-09-15T16:14:47.800 回答
7

使 PostgreSQL 为原始查询使用索引的另一个选项是在您正在使用的表达式上创建索引:

create index arrival_year on reservations ( extract(year from arrival) );

这将打开 PostgreSQL 并有可能使用索引

select * 
FROM reservations 
WHERE extract(year from arrival) = 2012;

请注意,索引中的表达式必须与子句中使用的表达式完全相同where才能使其工作。

于 2012-09-15T19:40:36.503 回答
3

在 postgress 中搜索时间戳列的秒数

select * from "TableName" e
    where timestamp >= '2020-08-08T13:00:00' and timestamp < '2020-08-08T17:00:00';
于 2020-08-13T13:13:28.520 回答