我正在做一些套接字编程实验（在 unix 环境中）。我正在尝试的是
- 客户端向服务器发送请求。
- 服务器应将客户端套接字发送给 Worker（一个独立进程）
- 工人应该回复客户。
这可能吗？
如果 Worker 是 Server 的子级，则此方案适用。
如果 Server 和 Worker 是独立的进程，这行得通吗？如果是的话，有人可以给我一些想法吗？是否有可用于此类场景的示例？
问问题
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3 回答
12
Linux Programming Interface这本书提供了使用 Unix 域套接字在不相关进程之间发送和接收文件描述符的示例。
为了好玩，我从头开始编写了自己的示例。server.c：
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
/* How many concurrent pending connections are allowed */
#define LISTEN_BACKLOG 32
/* Unix domain socket path length (including NUL byte) */
#ifndef UNIX_PATH_LEN
#define UNIX_PATH_LEN 108
#endif
/* Flag to indicate we have received a shutdown request. */
volatile sig_atomic_t done = 0;
/* Shutdown request signal handler, of the basic type. */
void handle_done_signal(int signum)
{
if (!done)
done = signum;
return;
}
/* Install shutdown request signal handler on signal signum. */
int set_done_signal(const int signum)
{
struct sigaction act;
sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
act.sa_handler = handle_done_signal;
act.sa_flags = 0;
if (sigaction(signum, &act, NULL) == -1)
return errno;
else
return 0;
}
/* Return empty, -, and * as NULL, so users can use that
* to bind the server to the wildcard address.
*/
char *wildcard(char *address)
{
/* NULL? */
if (!address)
return NULL;
/* Empty? */
if (!address[0])
return NULL;
/* - or ? or * or : */
if (address[0] == '-' || address[0] == '?' ||
address[0] == '*' || address[0] == ':')
return NULL;
return address;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct addrinfo hints;
struct addrinfo *list, *curr;
int listenfd, failure;
struct sockaddr_un worker;
int workerfd, workerpathlen;
struct sockaddr_in6 conn;
socklen_t connlen;
struct msghdr connhdr;
struct iovec conniov;
struct cmsghdr *connmsg;
char conndata[1];
char connbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof (int))];
int connfd;
int result;
ssize_t written;
if (argc != 4) {
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s ADDRESS PORT WORKER\n", argv[0]);
fprintf(stderr, "This creates a server that binds to ADDRESS and PORT,\n");
fprintf(stderr, "and passes each connection to a separate unrelated\n");
fprintf(stderr, "process using an Unix domain socket at WORKER.\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return (argc == 1) ? 0 : 1;
}
/* Handle HUP, INT, PIPE, and TERM signals,
* so when the user presses Ctrl-C, the worker process cannot be contacted,
* or the user sends a HUP or TERM signal, this server closes down cleanly. */
if (set_done_signal(SIGINT) ||
set_done_signal(SIGHUP) ||
set_done_signal(SIGPIPE) ||
set_done_signal(SIGTERM)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Cannot install signal handlers.\n");
return 1;
}
/* Unix domain socket to the worker */
memset(&worker, 0, sizeof worker);
worker.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
workerpathlen = strlen(argv[3]);
if (workerpathlen < 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Worker Unix domain socket path cannot be empty.\n");
return 1;
} else
if (workerpathlen >= UNIX_PATH_LEN) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Worker Unix domain socket path is too long.\n", argv[3]);
return 1;
}
memcpy(&worker.sun_path, argv[3], workerpathlen);
/* Note: the terminating NUL byte was set by memset(&worker, 0, sizeof worker) above. */
workerfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (workerfd == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create an Unix domain socket: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
if (connect(workerfd, (const struct sockaddr *)(&worker), (socklen_t)sizeof worker) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot connect to %s: %s.\n", argv[3], strerror(errno));
close(workerfd);
return 1;
}
/* Initialize the address info hints */
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; /* IPv4 or IPv6 */
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; /* Stream socket */
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE /* Wildcard ADDRESS */
| AI_ADDRCONFIG /* Only return IPv4/IPv6 if available locally */
| AI_NUMERICSERV /* Port must be a number */
;
hints.ai_protocol = 0; /* Any protocol */
/* Obtain the chain of possible addresses and ports to bind to */
result = getaddrinfo(wildcard(argv[1]), argv[2], &hints, &list);
if (result) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s %s: %s.\n", argv[1], argv[2], gai_strerror(result));
close(workerfd);
return 1;
}
/* Bind to the first working entry in the chain */
listenfd = -1;
failure = EINVAL;
for (curr = list; curr != NULL; curr = curr->ai_next) {
listenfd = socket(curr->ai_family, curr->ai_socktype, curr->ai_protocol);
if (listenfd == -1)
continue;
if (bind(listenfd, curr->ai_addr, curr->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
if (!failure)
failure = errno;
close(listenfd);
listenfd = -1;
continue;
}
/* Bind successfully */
break;
}
/* Discard the chain, as we don't need it anymore.
* Note: curr is no longer valid after this. */
freeaddrinfo(list);
/* Failed to bind? */
if (listenfd == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot bind to %s port %s: %s.\n", argv[1], argv[2], strerror(failure));
close(workerfd);
return 1;
}
if (listen(listenfd, LISTEN_BACKLOG) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot listen for incoming connections to %s port %s: %s.\n", argv[1], argv[2], strerror(errno));
close(listenfd);
close(workerfd);
return 1;
}
printf("Now waiting for incoming connections to %s port %s\n", argv[1], argv[2]);
fflush(stdout);
while (!done) {
memset(&conn, 0, sizeof conn);
connlen = sizeof conn;
connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&conn, &connlen);
if (connfd == -1) {
/* Did we just receive a signal? */
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
/* Report a connection failure. */
printf("Failed to accept a connection: %s\n", strerror(errno));
fflush(stdout);
continue;
}
/* Construct the message to the worker process. */
memset(&connhdr, 0, sizeof connhdr);
memset(&conniov, 0, sizeof conniov);
memset(&connbuf, 0, sizeof connbuf);
conniov.iov_base = conndata; /* Data payload to send */
conniov.iov_len = 1; /* We send just one (dummy) byte, */
conndata[0] = 0; /* a zero. */
/* Construct the message (header) */
connhdr.msg_name = NULL; /* No optional address */
connhdr.msg_namelen = 0; /* No optional address */
connhdr.msg_iov = &conniov; /* Normal payload - at least one byte */
connhdr.msg_iovlen = 1; /* Only one vector in conniov */
connhdr.msg_control = connbuf; /* Ancillary data */
connhdr.msg_controllen = sizeof connbuf;
/* Construct the ancillary data needed to pass one descriptor. */
connmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&connhdr);
connmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
connmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
connmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof (int));
/* Copy the descriptor to the ancillary data. */
memcpy(CMSG_DATA(connmsg), &connfd, sizeof (int));
/* Update the message to reflect the ancillary data length */
connhdr.msg_controllen = connmsg->cmsg_len;
do {
written = sendmsg(workerfd, &connhdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
} while (written == (ssize_t)-1 && errno == EINTR);
if (written == (ssize_t)-1) {
const char *const errmsg = strerror(errno);
/* Lost connection to the other end? */
if (!done) {
if (errno == EPIPE)
done = SIGPIPE;
else
done = -1;
}
printf("Cannot pass connection to worker: %s.\n", errmsg);
fflush(stdout);
close(connfd);
/* Break main loop. */
break;
}
/* Since the descriptor has been transferred to the other process,
* we can close our end. */
do {
result = close(connfd);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (result == -1)
printf("Error closing leftover connection descriptor: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
printf("Connection transferred to the worker process.\n");
fflush(stdout);
}
/* Shutdown. */
close(listenfd);
close(workerfd);
switch (done) {
case SIGTERM:
printf("Terminated.\n");
break;
case SIGPIPE:
printf("Lost connection.\n");
break;
case SIGHUP:
printf("Hanging up.\n");
break;
case SIGINT:
printf("Interrupted; exiting.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Exiting.\n");
}
return 0;
}
和worker.c：
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
/* How many concurrent pending connections are allowed */
#define LISTEN_BACKLOG 32
/* Unix domain socket path length (including NUL byte) */
#ifndef UNIX_PATH_LEN
#define UNIX_PATH_LEN 108
#endif
/* Flag to indicate we have received a shutdown request. */
volatile sig_atomic_t done = 0;
/* Shutdown request signal handler, of the basic type. */
void handle_done_signal(int signum)
{
if (!done)
done = signum;
return;
}
/* Install shutdown request signal handler on signal signum. */
int set_done_signal(const int signum)
{
struct sigaction act;
sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
act.sa_handler = handle_done_signal;
act.sa_flags = 0;
if (sigaction(signum, &act, NULL) == -1)
return errno;
else
return 0;
}
/* Helper function to duplicate file descriptors.
* Returns 0 if success, errno error code otherwise.
*/
static int copy_fd(const int fromfd, const int tofd)
{
int result;
if (fromfd == tofd)
return 0;
if (fromfd == -1 || tofd == -1)
return errno = EINVAL;
do {
result = dup2(fromfd, tofd);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (result == -1)
return errno;
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_un worker;
int workerfd, workerpathlen;
int serverfd, clientfd;
pid_t child;
struct msghdr msghdr;
struct iovec msgiov;
struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
char data[1];
char ancillary[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof (int))];
ssize_t received;
if (argc < 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s WORKER COMMAND [ ARGS .. ]\n", argv[0]);
fprintf(stderr, "This creates a worker that receives connections\n");
fprintf(stderr, "from Unix domain socket WORKER.\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Each connection is served by COMMAND, with the\n");
fprintf(stderr, "connection connected to its standard input and output.\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return (argc == 1) ? 0 : 1;
}
/* Handle HUP, INT, PIPE, and TERM signals,
* so when the user presses Ctrl-C, the worker process cannot be contacted,
* or the user sends a HUP or TERM signal, this server closes down cleanly. */
if (set_done_signal(SIGINT) ||
set_done_signal(SIGHUP) ||
set_done_signal(SIGPIPE) ||
set_done_signal(SIGTERM)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Cannot install signal handlers.\n");
return 1;
}
/* Unix domain socket */
memset(&worker, 0, sizeof worker);
worker.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
workerpathlen = strlen(argv[1]);
if (workerpathlen < 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Worker Unix domain socket path cannot be empty.\n");
return 1;
} else
if (workerpathlen >= UNIX_PATH_LEN) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Worker Unix domain socket path is too long.\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}
memcpy(&worker.sun_path, argv[1], workerpathlen);
/* Note: the terminating NUL byte was set by memset(&worker, 0, sizeof worker) above. */
workerfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (workerfd == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create an Unix domain socket: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
if (bind(workerfd, (const struct sockaddr *)(&worker), (socklen_t)sizeof worker) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s.\n", argv[1], strerror(errno));
close(workerfd);
return 1;
}
if (listen(workerfd, LISTEN_BACKLOG) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Cannot listen for messages: %s.\n", argv[1], strerror(errno));
close(workerfd);
return 1;
}
printf("Listening for descriptors on %s.\n", argv[1]);
fflush(stdout);
while (!done) {
serverfd = accept(workerfd, NULL, NULL);
if (serverfd == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
printf("Failed to accept a connection from the server: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
fflush(stdout);
continue;
}
printf("Connection from the server.\n");
fflush(stdout);
while (!done && serverfd != -1) {
memset(&msghdr, 0, sizeof msghdr);
memset(&msgiov, 0, sizeof msgiov);
msghdr.msg_name = NULL;
msghdr.msg_namelen = 0;
msghdr.msg_control = &ancillary;
msghdr.msg_controllen = sizeof ancillary;
cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msghdr);
cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof (int));
msghdr.msg_iov = &msgiov;
msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
msgiov.iov_base = &data;
msgiov.iov_len = 1; /* Just one byte */
received = recvmsg(serverfd, &msghdr, 0);
if (received == (ssize_t)-1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
printf("Error receiving a message from server: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
fflush(stdout);
break;
}
cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msghdr);
if (!cmsg || cmsg->cmsg_len != CMSG_LEN(sizeof (int))) {
printf("Received a bad message from server.\n");
fflush(stdout);
break;
}
memcpy(&clientfd, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof (int));
printf("Executing command with descriptor %d: ", clientfd);
fflush(stdout);
child = fork();
if (child == (pid_t)-1) {
printf("Fork failed: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
fflush(stdout);
close(clientfd);
break;
}
if (!child) {
/* This is the child process. */
close(workerfd);
close(serverfd);
if (copy_fd(clientfd, STDIN_FILENO) ||
copy_fd(clientfd, STDOUT_FILENO) ||
copy_fd(clientfd, STDERR_FILENO))
return 126; /* Exits the client */
if (clientfd != STDIN_FILENO &&
clientfd != STDOUT_FILENO &&
clientfd != STDERR_FILENO)
close(clientfd);
execvp(argv[2], argv + 2);
return 127; /* Exits the client */
}
printf("Done.\n");
fflush(stdout);
close(clientfd);
}
close(serverfd);
printf("Closed connection to server.\n");
fflush(stdout);
}
/* Shutdown. */
close(workerfd);
switch (done) {
case SIGTERM:
printf("Terminated.\n");
break;
case SIGPIPE:
printf("Lost connection.\n");
break;
case SIGHUP:
printf("Hanging up.\n");
break;
case SIGINT:
printf("Interrupted; exiting.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Exiting.\n");
}
return 0;
}
您可以使用编译它们
gcc -W -Wall -O3 worker.c -o worker
gcc -W -Wall -O3 server.c -o server
并使用例如运行
rm -f connection
./worker connection /bin/date &
./server 127.0.0.1 8000 connection &
如您所见，./worker和./server进程是完全分开的。我建议从不同的窗口启动它们（省略&命令行末尾的 ，否则会在后台运行命令）。connection是用于传输网络连接文件描述符的 Unix 域套接字的路径或名称。这/bin/date是一个命令（不是 shell 命令，一个可执行文件），它将为每个连接执行，标准输入、输出和错误直接连接到网络客户端——非常像inetd或xinetd确实如此，只是简单的框架。
您可以通过例如测试连接
nc 127.0.0.1 8000
或者
telnet 127.0.0.1 8000
上面的/bin/date命令只会将当前日期输出到标准输出，但如果你使用更聪明的工作命令，比如
rm -f connection
./worker connection printf 'HTTP/1.0 200 Ok\r\nConnection: close\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\nContent-Length: 67\r\n\r\n<html><head><title>Works</title></head><body>Works!</body></html>\r\n'
您可以使用浏览器 ( http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 进行测试。
该设计是这样的，它worker.c监听一个 Unix 域套接字（connection在所有上述示例命令的当前工作目录中）。它首先接受一个连接（来自单个服务器），然后期望每个传入字节与SCM_RIGHTS包含引用客户端连接的文件描述符的辅助数据相关联。如果出现问题，或者连接断开，它会返回等待来自服务器的新连接。如果它接收到客户端描述符，它会派生一个子进程，将其标准输入、输出和错误重定向到客户端描述符，并执行./worker命令行中指定的命令。父进程关闭它的客户端描述符副本，然后返回等待新的。
server.c侦听到在其命令行上指定的 IPv4 或 IPv6 地址和端口的传入连接。worker.c当它获得连接时，它通过命令行（ ）上指定的 Unix 域套接字将连接的文件描述符传输到上述进程connection，关闭自己的副本，然后返回等待新连接。请注意，如果服务器失去与工作人员的连接，它会中止；你会想./worker总是在./server.
两者都server.c安装worker.c简单的信号处理程序，以便您可以通过向它们发送 HUP 或 INT 信号来告诉它们退出（Ctrl-C，如果您在单独的终端或 shell 中在前台运行命令）。他们也有合理的错误检查，所以当他们退出时，他们会告诉你确切的原因。老实说，我这样做是因为这样你偶尔会收到 EINTR 错误，除非你正确对待它们（重试相关的系统调用，除非被要求退出），你的进程将是脆弱的，并且由于条件的最轻微变化而崩溃。健壮；这并不难，而且结果对用户/系统管理员更友好。
我希望你觉得代码很有趣。如果您对细节有任何疑问，我很乐意详细说明。请记住，我是在很短的时间内从头开始编写的，它只是一个简单的例子。有很大的改进空间。
于 2012-09-15T02:39:31.537 回答
2
UNIX 套接字用于在进程之间传递文件描述符。
于 2012-09-14T13:01:10.080 回答
1
根据这篇文章应该是可能的。您需要某种方式（想到管道或套接字）让您的工作进程知道套接字句柄。
不幸的是，我对 unix 编程没有经验，所以我不能给你更具体的信息。
于 2012-09-14T13:09:30.097 回答