我建议您使用一种或另一种侦听器来允许 Game 对象侦听并响应 GUI 对象状态的变化。有几种方法可以做到这一点,但我发现最优雅和最有用的方法之一是使用 Swing 自己的固有 PropertyChangeSupport 来允许您使用 PropertyChangeListeners。所有 Swing 组件都允许您向其添加 PropertyChangeListener。所以我建议你这样做,让 Game 向你的 WampusGUI 类(应该大写)对象添加一个,如下所示:
public Game(WampusGUI w) {
gui = w;
gui.addPropertyChangeListener(new PropertyChangeListener() {
// ....
}
这将允许 Game 监听 gui 状态的变化。
然后,您需要将 gui 的 userCommand 字符串设置为“绑定属性”,这意味着为其提供一个 setter 方法,该方法将触发属性更改支持,通知所有侦听器更改。我会这样做:
public class WampusGUI extends JFrame {
public static final String USER_COMMAND = "user command";
// ....
private void setUserCommand(String userCommand) {
String oldValue = this.userCommand;
String newValue = userCommand;
this.userCommand = userCommand;
firePropertyChange(USER_COMMAND, oldValue, newValue);
}
然后你只能通过这个 setter 方法改变这个字符串的值:
private void enterButtonActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
setUserCommand(commandText.getText());
}
然后,游戏的属性更改侦听器将响应如下:
gui.addPropertyChangeListener(new PropertyChangeListener() {
@Override
public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent pcEvt) {
// is the property being changed the one we're interested in?
if (WampusGUI.USER_COMMAND.equals(pcEvt.getPropertyName())) {
// get user command:
String userCommand = pcEvt.getNewValue().toString();
// then we can do with it what we want
play(userCommand);
}
}
});
这种技术的优点之一是被观察类,即 GUI,不必对观察者类(游戏)有任何了解。一个小的可运行示例如下所示:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import javax.swing.*;
public class WampusGUI extends JFrame {
public static final String USER_COMMAND = "user command";
private String userCommand;
private JTextArea displayTextArea = new JTextArea(10, 30);
private JTextField commandText = new JTextField(10);
public WampusGUI() {
initComponents();
}
private void setUserCommand(String userCommand) {
String oldValue = this.userCommand;
String newValue = userCommand;
this.userCommand = userCommand;
firePropertyChange(USER_COMMAND, oldValue, newValue);
}
private void initComponents() {
displayTextArea.setEditable(false);
displayTextArea.setFocusable(false);
JButton enterButton = new JButton("Enter Command");
enterButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
enterButtonActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
JPanel commandPanel = new JPanel();
commandPanel.add(commandText);
commandPanel.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(15));
commandPanel.add(enterButton);
JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
mainPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
mainPanel.add(new JScrollPane(displayTextArea));
mainPanel.add(commandPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(mainPanel);
}
public void setTextArea(String text) {
displayTextArea.append(text);
}
private void enterButtonActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
setUserCommand(commandText.getText());
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
WampusGUI w = new WampusGUI();
w.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
w.pack();
w.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
w.setVisible(true);
Game g = new Game(w);
g.play();
}
});
}
}
class Game {
private WampusGUI gui;
public Game(WampusGUI w) {
gui = w;
gui.addPropertyChangeListener(new PropertyChangeListener() {
@Override
public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent pcEvt) {
// is the property being changed the one we're interested in?
if (WampusGUI.USER_COMMAND.equals(pcEvt.getPropertyName())) {
// get user command:
String userCommand = pcEvt.getNewValue().toString();
// then we can do with it what we want
play(userCommand);
}
}
});
}
public void play() {
gui.setTextArea("Welcome!\n");
gui.setTextArea("Please enjoy the game!\n");
}
public void play(String userCommand) {
// here we can do what we want with the String. For instance we can display it in the gui:
gui.setTextArea("User entered: " + userCommand + "\n");
}
}