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由于在其他线程中进行了基准测试(参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/397617/1408611),结果表明 Java 6 中的 instanceof 实际上非常快。这是如何实现的?

我知道对于单继承,最快的想法是有一些嵌套的区间编码,其中每个类都维护一个 [low,high] 区间,而 instanceof 只是一个区间包含测试,即 2 个整数比较。但是它是如何为接口制作的(因为间隔包含仅适用于单继承)?以及如何处理类加载?加载新的子类意味着必须调整很多间隔。

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1 回答 1

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AFAIK 每个类都知道它扩展的所有类和它实现的接口。这些可以存储在一个哈希集中,给出 O(1) 查找时间。

当代码经常采用相同的分支时,几乎可以消除成本,因为 CPU 在确定是否应该采用分支之前就可以执行分支中的代码,从而使成本几乎为零。

由于微基准测试是在 4 年前执行的,我预计最新的 CPU 和 JVM 会更快。

public static void main(String... args) {
    Object[] doubles = new Object[100000];
    Arrays.fill(doubles, 0.0);
    doubles[100] = null;
    doubles[1000] = null;
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        testSameClass(doubles);
        testSuperClass(doubles);
        testInterface(doubles);
    }
}

private static int testSameClass(Object[] doubles) {
    long start = System.nanoTime();
    int count = 0;
    for (Object d : doubles) {
        if (d instanceof Double)
            count++;
    }
    long time = System.nanoTime() - start;
    System.out.printf("instanceof Double took an average of %.1f ns%n", 1.0 * time / doubles.length);
    return count;
}

private static int testSuperClass(Object[] doubles) {
    long start = System.nanoTime();
    int count = 0;
    for (Object d : doubles) {
        if (d instanceof Number)
            count++;
    }
    long time = System.nanoTime() - start;
    System.out.printf("instanceof Number took an average of %.1f ns%n", 1.0 * time / doubles.length);
    return count;
}

private static int testInterface(Object[] doubles) {
    long start = System.nanoTime();
    int count = 0;
    for (Object d : doubles) {
        if (d instanceof Serializable)
            count++;
    }
    long time = System.nanoTime() - start;
    System.out.printf("instanceof Serializable took an average of %.1f ns%n", 1.0 * time / doubles.length);
    return count;
}

最后打印

instanceof Double took an average of 1.3 ns
instanceof Number took an average of 1.3 ns
instanceof Serializable took an average of 1.3 ns

如果我改变“双打”

    for(int i=0;i<doubles.length;i+=2)
        doubles[i] = "";

我明白了

instanceof Double took an average of 1.3 ns
instanceof Number took an average of 1.6 ns
instanceof Serializable took an average of 2.2 ns

注意:如果我改变

if (d instanceof Double)

if (d != null && d.getClass() == Double.class)

表现是一样的。

于 2012-09-12T11:15:30.770 回答