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随着最近有关 HaskellDB 的帖子，我有动力再次研究 HList。正如我们现在-XDataKinds在 GHC 中所拥有的，它实际上有一个异构列表的示例，我想研究 HList 与 DataKinds 的外观。到目前为止，我有以下内容：

{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverlappingInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}

import Data.Tagged

data Record :: [*] -> * where
  RNil :: Record '[]
  (:*:) :: Tagged f (FieldV f) -> Record t -> Record (f ': t)

type family FieldV a :: *

emptyRecord = RNil

(=:) :: (v ~ FieldV f) => f -> v -> Tagged f v
f =: v = Tagged v

class HasField x xs where
  (=?) :: Record xs -> x -> FieldV x

instance HasField x (x ': xs) where
  (Tagged v :*: _) =? _ = v

instance HasField x xs => HasField x (a ': xs) where
  (_ :*: r) =? f = r =? f

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
data EmployeeName = EmployeeName
type instance FieldV EmployeeName = String

data EmployeeID = EmployeeID
type instance FieldV EmployeeID = Int

employee =   (EmployeeName =: "James")
         :*: ((EmployeeID =: 5) :*: RNil)

employeeName = employee =? EmployeeName
employeeId   = employee =? EmployeeID

这按预期工作，但我在这个项目中的目标是尝试尽可能不使用类型类。所以这里有2个问题。首先，是否可以在(=?)没有类型类的情况下编写（记录字段访问器函数）？如果不是，是否可以在没有重叠实例的情况下编写它？

我想我的第一个问题是不可能的，但也许第二个问题是可能的。我很想听听人们的想法！

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1 回答 1

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我认为这两个问题的答案都是不合格的。您根本无法拥有表单的类型功能

type family TypeEq a b :: Bool
type instance TypeEq a a = True
type instance TypeEq a b = False

这本质上就是 OverlappingInstances 给你的。Oleg 提出了一种使用类型级别 TypeReps 的替代机制，但我们还没有。这个答案是合格的，因为你确实有丑陋的“解决方案”，比如使用 typeable

{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds, GADTs, DeriveDataTypeable, TypeFamilies, TypeOperators #-}

import Data.Typeable

type family FieldV a :: *

data FieldOf f where
  FieldOf :: FieldV f -> FieldOf f

(=:) :: f -> FieldV f -> FieldOf f
_ =: v = FieldOf v

fromField :: FieldOf f -> FieldV f
fromField (FieldOf v) = v

data Record :: [*] -> * where
  RNil :: Record '[]
  (:*:) :: Typeable f => FieldOf f -> Record t -> Record (f ': t)

data SameType a b where
  Refl :: SameType a a

useProof :: SameType a b -> a -> b
useProof Refl a = a 

newtype SF a b = SF (SameType (FieldOf a) (FieldOf b))
sf1 :: FieldOf f -> SF f f
sf1 _ = SF Refl

targetType :: f -> Maybe (SF g f)
targetType _ = Nothing

(?=) :: Typeable a => Record xs -> a -> Maybe (FieldV a)
RNil ?= _ = Nothing
(x :*: xs) ?= a = case (gcast (sf1 x)) `asTypeOf` (targetType a) of
                   Nothing      -> xs ?= a
                   Just (SF y)  -> Just . fromField $ useProof y x

x =? v = case x ?= v of
          Just x -> x
          Nothing -> error "this implementation under uses the type system"

data EmployeeName = EmployeeName deriving Typeable
type instance FieldV EmployeeName = String

data EmployeeID = EmployeeID deriving Typeable
type instance FieldV EmployeeID = Int

employee =   (EmployeeName =: "James")
         :*: ((EmployeeID =: 5) :*: RNil)

employeeName = employee =? EmployeeName
employeeId   = employee =? EmployeeID

这显然不如基于类型类的版本好。但是，如果你对一点动态打字没问题……

于 2012-08-26T09:43:34.083 回答