16

我如何读/写libsvm数据到/从R

libsvm格式是稀疏数据,如

<class/target>[ <attribute number>:<attribute value>]*

(参见压缩行存储(CRS))例如,

1 10:3.4 123:0.5 34567:0.231
0.2 22:1 456:03

我确信我可以自己鞭打一些东西,但我更愿意使用现成的东西。但是,Rforeign似乎没有提供必要的功能。

4

7 回答 7

15

e1071已下架:

install.packages("e1071")
library(e1071)
read.matrix.csr(...)
write.matrix.csr(...)

注意:它是在 中实现的R,而不是在 中实现的C,所以它是dog-slow

它甚至有一个特殊的小插图支持向量机——包 e1071 中的 libsvm 接口

r.vwvowpal_wabbit

注意:它是在 中实现的R,而不是在 中实现的C,所以它是dog-slow

于 2012-08-24T20:36:40.477 回答
12

我已经使用 zygmuntz 解决方案在具有 25k 观察(行)的数据集上运行了将近 5 个小时的工作。它已经完成了 3k 行。在此期间我花了很长时间编写了这个代码(基于 zygmuntz 的代码):

require(Matrix)
read.libsvm = function( filename ) {
  content = readLines( filename )
  num_lines = length( content )
  tomakemat = cbind(1:num_lines, -1, substr(content,1,1))

  # loop over lines
  makemat = rbind(tomakemat,
  do.call(rbind, 
    lapply(1:num_lines, function(i){
       # split by spaces, remove lines
           line = as.vector( strsplit( content[i], ' ' )[[1]])
           cbind(i, t(simplify2array(strsplit(line[-1],
                          ':'))))   
})))
class(makemat) = "numeric"

#browser()
yx = sparseMatrix(i = makemat[,1], 
              j = makemat[,2]+2, 
          x = makemat[,3])
return( yx )
}

这在同一台机器上运行了几分钟(zygmuntz 解决方案也可能存在内存问题,不确定)。希望这可以帮助任何有同样问题的人。

请记住,如果您需要在 R 中进行大量计算,请使用 VECTORIZE!

编辑:修复了我今天早上发现的索引错误。

于 2014-02-25T08:09:03.313 回答
7

我利用一些实用程序提出了自己的临时解决方案,data.table

它几乎很快就在我找到的测试数据集(波士顿住房数据)上运行。

将其转换为data.table(与解决方案正交,但在此处添加以便于重现):

library(data.table)
x = fread("/media/data_drive/housing.data.fw",
          sep = "\n", header = FALSE)
#usually fixed-width conversion is harder, but everything here is numeric
columns =  c("CRIM", "ZN", "INDUS", "CHAS",
             "NOX", "RM", "AGE", "DIS", "RAD", 
             "TAX", "PTRATIO", "B", "LSTAT", "MEDV")
DT = with(x, fread(paste(gsub("\\s+", "\t", V1), collapse = "\n"),
                   header = FALSE, sep = "\t",
                   col.names = columns))

这里是:

DT[ , fwrite(as.data.table(paste0(
  MEDV, " | ", sapply(transpose(lapply(
    names(.SD), function(jj)
      paste0(jj, ":", get(jj)))),
    paste, collapse = " "))), 
  "/path/to/output", col.names = FALSE, quote = FALSE),
  .SDcols = !"MEDV"]
#what gets sent to as.data.table:
#[1] "24 | CRIM:0.00632 ZN:18 INDUS:2.31 CHAS:0 NOX:0.538 RM:6.575 
#  AGE:65.2 DIS:4.09 RAD:1 TAX:296 PTRATIO:15.3 B:396.9 LSTAT:4.98 MEDV:24"      
#[2] "21.6 | CRIM:0.02731 ZN:0 INDUS:7.07 CHAS:0 NOX:0.469 RM:6.421 
#  AGE:78.9 DIS:4.9671 RAD:2 TAX:242 PTRATIO:17.8 B:396.9 LSTAT:9.14 MEDV:21.6"
# ...

可能有一种更好的方法可以让fwritethan理解这一点as.data.table,但我想不出一个(直到setDT对向量起作用)。

我复制了这个以测试它在更大数据集上的性能(只是炸毁当前数据集):

DT2 = rbindlist(replicate(1000, DT, simplify = FALSE))

与此处报告的某些时间相比,该操作非常快(我还没有直接比较):

system.time(.)
#    user  system elapsed 
#   8.392   0.000   8.385 

我也测试了使用writeLines而不是fwrite,但后者更好。


我再看一遍,发现可能需要一段时间才能弄清楚发生了什么。也许magrittr-piped 版本会更容易理解:

DT[ , 
    #1) prepend each column's values with the column name
    lapply(names(.SD), function(jj)
      paste0(jj, ":", get(jj))) %>%
      #2) transpose this list (using data.table's fast tool)
      #   (was column-wise, now row-wise)
      #3) concatenate columns, separated by " "
      transpose %>% sapply(paste, collapse = " ") %>%
      #4) prepend each row with the target value
      #   (with Vowpal Wabbit in mind, separate with a pipe)
      paste0(MEDV, " | ", .) %>%
      #5) convert this to a data.table to use fwrite
      as.data.table %>%
      #6) fwrite it; exclude nonsense column name,
      #   and force quotes off
      fwrite("/path/to/data", 
             col.names = FALSE, quote = FALSE),
  .SDcols = !"MEDV"]

读取此类文件要容易得多**

#quickly read data; don't split within lines
x = fread("/path/to/data", sep = "\n", header = FALSE)

#tstrsplit is transpose(strsplit(.))
dt1 = x[ , tstrsplit(V1, split = "[| :]+")]

#even columns have variable names
nms = c("target_name", 
        unlist(dt1[1L, seq(2L, ncol(dt1), by = 2L), 
                   with = FALSE]))

#odd columns have values
DT = dt1[ , seq(1L, ncol(dt1), by = 2L), with = FALSE]
#add meaningful names
setnames(DT, nms)

**这不适用于“参差不齐”/稀疏的输入数据。我认为没有办法将其扩展到在这种情况下工作。

于 2016-12-19T03:59:30.517 回答
3
基于一些评论。我将其添加为 aswer,以便其他人更容易使用。这是以l​​ibsvm格式写入数据。

将 data.frame 写入 svm light 格式的函数。我添加了一个 train={TRUE, FALSE} 参数,以防数据没有标签。在这种情况下,类索引被忽略。

write.libsvm = function(data, filename= "out.dat", class = 1, train=TRUE) {
  out = file(filename)
  if(train){
    writeLines(apply(data, 1, function(X) {
      paste(X[class], 
            apply(cbind(which(X!=0)[-class], 
                        X[which(X!=0)[-class]]), 
                  1, paste, collapse=":"), 
            collapse=" ") 
      }), out)
  } else {
    # leaves 1 as default for the new data without predictions. 
    writeLines(apply(data, 1, function(X) {
      paste('1',
            apply(cbind(which(X!=0), X[which(X!=0)]), 1, paste, collapse=":"), 
            collapse=" ") 
      }), out)
  }
  close(out) 
}

** 编辑 **

另一种选择 - 如果您已经拥有 data.table 对象中的数据

libfm 和 SVMlight 具有相同的格式,所以这个函数应该可以工作。

library(data.table)

data.table.fm <- function (data = X, fileName = "../out.fm", target = "y_train", 
    train = TRUE) {
    if (train) {
        if (is.logical(data[[target]]) | sum(levels(factor(data[[target]])) == 
            levels(factor(c(0, 1)))) == 2) {
            data[[target]][data[[target]] == TRUE] = 1
            data[[target]][data[[target]] == FALSE] = -1
        }
    }
    specChar = "\\(|\\)|\\||\\:"
    specCharSpace = "\\(|\\)|\\||\\:| "
    parsingNames <- function(x) {
        ret = c()
        for (el in x) ret = append(ret, gsub(specCharSpace, "_", 
            el))
        ret
    }
    parsingVar <- function(x, keepSpace, hard_parse) {
        if (!keepSpace) 
            spch = specCharSpace
        else spch = specChar
        if (hard_parse) 
            gsub("(^_( *|_*)+)|(^_$)|(( *|_*)+_$)|( +_+ +)", 
                " ", gsub(specChar, "_", gsub("(^ +)|( +$)", 
                  "", x)))
        else gsub(spch, "_", x)
    }
    setnames(data, names(data), parsingNames(names(data)))
    target = parsingNames(target)
    format_vw <- function(column, formater) {
        ifelse(as.logical(column), sprintf(formater, j, column), 
            "")
    }
    all_vars = names(data)[!names(data) %in% target]
    cat("Reordering data.table if class isn't first\n")
    target_inx = which(names(data) %in% target)
    rest_inx = which(!names(data) %in% target)
    cat("Adding Variable names to data.table\n")
    for (j in rest_inx) {
        column = data[[j]]
        formater = "%s:%f"
        set(data, i = NULL, j = j, value = format_vw(column, 
            formater))
        cat(sprintf("Fixing %s\n", j))
    }
    data = data[, c(target_inx, rest_inx), with = FALSE]
    drop_extra_space <- function(x) {
        gsub(" {1,}", " ", x)
    }
    cat("Pasting data - Removing extra spaces\n")
    data = apply(data, 1, function(x) drop_extra_space(paste(x, 
        collapse = " ")))
    cat("Writing to disk\n")
    write.table(data, file = fileName, sep = " ", row.names = FALSE, 
        col.names = FALSE, quote = FALSE)
}
于 2015-08-25T01:08:19.897 回答
2

试试这些函数和例子:

https://github.com/zygmuntz/r-libsvm-format-read-write

于 2013-02-22T19:14:04.543 回答
0

我采用了两跳解决方案——先将 R 数据转换为另一种格式,然后再转换为 LIBSVM:

  1. 使用 R 包外来将数据帧转换(并写出)为 ARFF 格式(修改 write.arff 将 write.table 更改为 na="0.0" 而不是 na="?" 否则步骤 2 失败)
  2. 使用https://github.com/dat/svm-tools/blob/master/arff2svm.py将 ARFF 格式转换为 LIBSVM

我的数据集是 200K x 500,这只需要 3-5 分钟。

于 2016-01-11T19:58:24.673 回答
0

这个问题是很久以前提出的,有几个答案。大多数答案对我不起作用,因为我的数据格式很长,而且我不能在 R 中一次性对其进行编码。所以这是我的看法。我编写了一个函数来对数据进行一次热编码,并保存它,而无需先将矩阵转换为稀疏矩阵。

RCPP代码:

// [[Rcpp::depends(RcppArmadillo)]]
#include <RcppArmadillo.h>
#include <Rcpp.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace Rcpp;

// Reading data frame from R and saving it as an libFM file

// [[Rcpp::export]] 
std::string createNumber(int x, double y) {
  std::string s1 = std::to_string(x); 
  std::string s2 = std::to_string(y); 
  std::string X_elem = s1 + ":" + s2; 
  return X_elem;
}

// [[Rcpp::export]]
std::string createRowLibFM(arma::rowvec row_to_fm, arma::vec factor_levels, arma::vec position) {
  int n = factor_levels.n_elem; 
  std::string total =  std::to_string(row_to_fm[0]); 
  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { 
    if (factor_levels[i] > 1) { 
      total = total + " " + createNumber(position[i - 1] + row_to_fm[i], 1);
    } 
    if (factor_levels[i] == 1) {
      total = total + " " + createNumber(position[i], row_to_fm[i]);
    }
  }
  return total; 
}

// [[Rcpp::export]]
void writeFile(std::string file, arma::mat all_data, arma::vec factor_levels) {
  int n = all_data.n_rows;
  arma::vec position = arma::cumsum(factor_levels);
  std::ofstream temp_file;
  temp_file.open (file.c_str());
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    std::string temp_row = createRowLibFM(all_data.row(i), factor_levels, position);
    temp_file << temp_row + "\n";
  }
  temp_file.close();
}

R函数充当它的包装器:

writeFileFM <- function(temp.data, path = 'test.txt') { 
  ### Dealing with y function 
  if (!(any(colnames(temp.data) %in% 'y'))) { 
    stop('No y column is given')  
  } else { 
    temp.data <- temp.data %>% select(y, everything()) ## y is required to be first column for writeFile 
  }
  ### Dealing with factors/strings 
  temp.classes <- sapply(temp.data, class) 
  class.num    <- rep(0, length(temp.classes))
  map.list     <- list()
  for (i in 2:length(temp.classes)) { ### since y is always the first column 
    if (any(temp.classes[i] %in% c('factor', 'character'))) {
      temp.col         <- as.factor(temp.data[ ,i]) ### incase it is character 
      temp.unique      <- levels(temp.col)
      factors.new      <- seq(0, length(temp.unique) - 1, 1)
      levels(temp.col) <- factors.new 
      temp.data[ ,i]   <- temp.col
      ### Saving changes 
      class.num[i]  <- length(temp.unique)
      map.list[[i - 1]] <- data.frame('original.value'  = temp.unique, 
                                      'transform.value' = factors.new)
    } else { 
      class.num[i]  <- 1  ### Numeric values require only 1 column 
    }
  }
  ### Writing file 
  print('Writing file to disc')
  writeFile(all_data = sapply(temp.data, as.numeric), file = path, factor_levels = class.num)
  return(map.list) 
}

将其与虚假数据进行比较。

### Creating data to save 
set.seed(999)
n <- 10000 
factor.lvl1 <- 3
factor.lvl2 <- 2 
temp.data <- data.frame('x1' = sample(stri_rand_strings(factor.lvl1, 7), n, replace = TRUE),
                        'x2' = sample(stri_rand_strings(factor.lvl2, 4), n, replace = TRUE), 
                        'x3' = rnorm(n), 
                        'x4' = rnorm(n),
                        'y'  = rnorm(n))

### Comparing to other method 
library(data.table)
library(e1071)

microbenchmark::microbenchmark(
  temp.data.table <- model.matrix( ~ 0 + x1 + x2 + x3 + x4, data = temp.data,
                                   contrasts = list(x2 = contrasts(temp.data$x2, contrasts = FALSE))),
  write.matrix.csr(temp.data.table, 'out.txt'), 
  writeFileFM(temp.data))

结果。

  min       lq       mean    median        uq
   1.3061   1.6725   1.890942   1.92475   2.07725
 629.9863 653.4345 676.108548 672.52510 687.88330
 270.8217 275.1353 283.537898 281.42100 289.39160
      max neval cld
   3.2328   100 a  
 793.7040   100   c
 328.0863   100  b 

它比 e1071 选项更快,虽然该选项在增加观察次数时失败,但建议的方法仍然适用。

于 2020-05-31T13:29:49.857 回答