awk - 使用 awk 从文件中提取段

Question

我有一个文件，我需要根据另一个文件中给出的字符范围从中提取段。我想使用 awk 命令来完成。

文件一看起来像这样（单行）：

AATTGTGAAGGTAGATGGCTCGCTCCGCGGCGGGGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGGGCTCGCTATATAGAGATATATGCGCGCGGCGCGCGGCGCGCGCGGCGCGCGCGTATATATATAGGCGCGCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

第二个文件如下所示：

5 10
13 20
22 24

输出将是：

GTGAAG
AGATGGCT
GCT

Answer 1

这个单线将解决您的问题：

awk 'BEGIN{getline sequence < "first_file"} {print substr(sequence, $1, $2 - $1 + 1) }' second_file

说明：sequence此脚本使用函数从名为的文件中读取字符串first_file（将其调整为实际文件名）getline。然后对于第二个文件的每一行（包含处理范围），它使用substr函数提取必要的子字符串。substr接受三个参数：string( sequence)、position( $1) 和 length( $2 - $1 + 1)。

Answer 2

Nya为您提供了awk解决方案，这是基于coreutils.

细绳

AATTGTGAAGGTAGATGGCTCGCTCCGCGGCGGGGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGGGCTCGCTATATAGAGATATATGCGCGCGGCGCGCGGCGCGCGCGGCGCGCGCGTATATATATAGGCGCGCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

关闭

5 10
13 20
22 24

你可以得到你想要的输出：

while read off len; do cut -c${off}-${len} string; done < offlen

输出：

GTGAAG
AGATGGCT
GCT