我有一台带两张网卡的电脑。一个 ( eth0) 用于 LAN/互联网，另一个用于与一个微控制器设备的 UDP 通信。微控制器有一个 IP (192.168.7.2) 和一个 MAC 地址。第二个 pc 网络适配器 ( eth1) 有 192.168.7.1。
微控制器有一个非常简单的 IP 堆栈，因此 mc 发送 UDP 数据包的最简单方法是广播它们。
在 PC 端，我想接收广播 - 但只能来自eth1. 所以我尝试将 UDP 套接字绑定到eth1设备。
问题（下面的源代码）：
setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, device, sizeof(device))需要root权限，为什么？（设置其他选项以用户身份工作）getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, (void *)buffer, &opt_length)给出“协议不可用”。我想读回我通过setsockopt命令设置的设备。我在哪里可以找到好的信息？我检查了一些 Linux 编程、网络书籍，但例如
SO_BINDTODEVICE我只能在互联网上找到的选项。
我冗长的（肮脏的）测试程序显示了问题。设置和取回SO_RCVTIMEOandSO_BROADCAST选项按预期工作。
在用户退出时运行代码：
could not set SO_BINDTODEVICE (Operation not permitted)"
使用 sudo 运行会给出：
SO_BINDTODEVICE set
./mc-test: could not get SO_BINDTODEVICE (Protocol not available)
那么，设置选项似乎有效，但无法读取它？
/* SO_BINDTODEVICE test */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define MC_IP "192.168.7.2"
#define MC_PORT (54321)
#define MY_PORT (54321)
#define MY_DEVICE "eth1"
#define BUFFERSIZE (1000)
/* global variables */
int sock;
struct sockaddr_in MC_addr;
struct sockaddr_in my_addr;
char buffer[BUFFERSIZE];
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
unsigned int echolen, clientlen;
int rc, n;
char opt_buffer[1000];
struct protoent *udp_protoent;
struct timeval receive_timeout;
int optval;
socklen_t opt_length;
/* Create the UDP socket */
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)) < 0)
{
printf ("%s: failed to create UDP socket (%s) \n",
argv[0], strerror(errno));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("UDP socket created\n");
/* set the recvfrom timeout value */
receive_timeout.tv_sec = 5;
receive_timeout.tv_usec = 0;
rc=setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &receive_timeout,
sizeof(receive_timeout));
if (rc != 0)
{
printf ("%s: could not set SO_RCVTIMEO (%s)\n",
argv[0], strerror(errno));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("set timeout to\ntime [s]: %d\ntime [ms]: %d\n", receive_timeout.tv_sec, receive_timeout.tv_usec);
/* verify the recvfrom timeout value */
rc=getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &receive_timeout, &opt_length);
if (rc != 0)
{
printf ("%s: could not get socket options (%s)\n",
argv[0], strerror(errno));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("timeout value\ntime [s]: %d\ntime [ms]: %d\n", receive_timeout.tv_sec, receive_timeout.tv_usec);
/* allow broadcast messages for the socket */
int true = 1;
rc=setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &true, sizeof(true));
if (rc != 0)
{
printf ("%s: could not set SO_BROADCAST (%s)\n",
argv[0], strerror(errno));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("set SO_BROADCAST\n");
/* verify SO_BROADCAST setting */
rc=getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &optval, &opt_length);
if (optval != 0)
{
printf("SO_BROADCAST is enabled\n");
}
/* bind the socket to one network device */
const char device[] = MY_DEVICE;
rc=setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, device, sizeof(device));
if (rc != 0)
{
printf ("%s: could not set SO_BINDTODEVICE (%s)\n",
argv[0], strerror(errno));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("SO_BINDTODEVICE set\n");
/* verify SO_BINDTODEVICE setting */
rc = getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, (void *)buffer, &opt_length);
if (rc != 0)
{
printf ("%s: could not get SO_BINDTODEVICE (%s)\n",
argv[0], strerror(errno));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (rc == 0)
{
printf("SO_BINDTODEVICE is: %s\n", buffer);
}
/* Construct the server sockaddr_in structure */
memset(&MC_addr, 0, sizeof(MC_addr)); /* Clear struct */
MC_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; /* Internet/IP */
MC_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(MC_IP); /* IP address */
MC_addr.sin_port = htons(MC_PORT); /* server port */
/* bind my own Port */
my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; /* INADDR_ANY all local addresses */
my_addr.sin_port = htons(MY_PORT);
rc = bind (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(my_addr));
if (rc < 0)
{
printf ("%s: could not bind port (%s)\n",
argv[0], strerror(errno));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("port bound\n");
/* identify mc */
buffer[0] = (char)1;
buffer[1] = (char)0;
send_data (buffer, 2);
printf ("sent command: %d\n", (char)buffer[0]);
rc=receive_data(buffer);
printf ("%d bytes received\n", rc);
buffer[rc] = (char)0; /* string end symbol */
printf ("%d - %s\n", (int)(char)buffer[0], &buffer[1]);
close(sock);
printf ("socket closed\n");
exit(0);
}
/* send data to the MC *****************************************************/
/* buffer points to the bytes to send */
/* buf_length is the number of bytes to send */
/* returns allways 0 */
int send_data( char *buffer, int buf_length )
{
int rc;
rc = sendto (sock, buffer, buf_length, 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &MC_addr,
sizeof(MC_addr));
if (rc < 0)
{
printf ("could not send data\n");
close (sock);
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return(0);
}
/* receive data from the MC *****************************************************/
/* buffer points to the memory for the received data */
/* max BUFFERSIZE bytes can be received */
/* returns number of bytes received */
int receive_data(char *buffer)
{
int rc, MC_addr_length;
MC_addr_length = sizeof(MC_addr);
rc = recvfrom (sock, buffer, BUFFERSIZE, 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &MC_addr,
&MC_addr_length);
if (rc < 0)
{
printf ("could not receive data\n");
close (sock);
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return(rc);
}