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我一直在阅读和学习装饰器及其在 python 中的使用。我想我会尝试为我一直在研究的 python 脚本创建一个装饰器。根据我的阅读,我知道应该有很多方法可以使用我拥有的特定代码来做到这一点。

至今:

#! /usr/bin/env python
import mechanize
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
import sys
import sqlite3

## create the Decorator class ##

class Deco:
## initialize function and pass in the function as an argument ##
    def __init__(self,func):
        self.func = func
## use the built in __call__ method to run when the decorator is called ##
## I having issues knowing what the proper to pass the function in as an argument ##
    def __call__(self,func):
## right here I going to call the Vocab().dictionary() method ##
        self.func
## I can have the Vocab method run after I don't have a preference ##
## this decorator is going to find the number of tables and entries in the ##
## database with every call ##
        conn = sqlite3.connect('/home/User/vocab_database/vocab.db')
        with conn:
            cur = conn.cursor()
            cur.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'")
            total = cur.fetchall()
            print "You have %d tables " % len(total)
            cur.execute("SELECT * FROM %s" % (total[0][0],))
            ent = cur.fetchall()
            print "You have %d entries" % len(ent)

class Vocab:
    def __init__(self):
        self.word = sys.argv[1] 
        self.def_count = 1
        self.query = {}

    @Deco        
    def dictionary(self,word):
        br = mechanize.Browser()
        response = br.open('http://www.dictionary.reference.com')
        br.select_form(nr=0)
        br.form['q'] = word
        br.submit()
        definition = BeautifulSoup(br.response().read())
        trans = definition.findAll('td',{'class':'td3n2'})
        fin = [i.text for i in trans]
        for i in fin: 
            self.query[fin.index(i)] = i
        self.create_database()
        self.word_database()
        return self.query

    def create_database(self):
        con = sqlite3.connect('/home/oberon/vocab_database/vocab.db')
        with con:
            cur = con.cursor()
            cur.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Words(vocab_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, vocab TEXT)")
            cur.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Definitions(def_id INTEGER, def  TEXT, def_word INTEGER, FOREIGN KEY(def_word) REFERENCES Words(vocab_id))")

    def word_database(self):
        con = sqlite3.connect('/home/User/vocab_database/vocab.db')
        with con:
            spot = con.cursor()
            spot.execute("SELECT * FROM Words")
            rows = spot.fetchall() 
            spot.execute("INSERT INTO Words VALUES(?,?)", (len(rows),self.word))
            spot = con.cursor()
            spot.execute("SELECT * FROM Definitions")
            rows_two = spot.fetchall()
            for row in rows_two:
                self.def_count += 1
            for q in self.query:
                spot.execute("INSERT INTO Definitions VALUES(?,?,?)", (self.def_count,self.query[q],len(rows)))
                self.def_count += 1

print Vocab().dictionary(sys.argv[1])

在我运行这段代码之后,Deco打印出来,运行并在装饰器的方法中执行所有操作,但是,Vocab().dictionary()打印出来None

You have 2 tables 
You have 4 entries
None

我确信这里的错误不仅仅是让Vocab().dictionary()方法运行。如果有人可以帮助阐明是什么阻止了它正常工作,那就太好了,而且我应该与装饰师一起研究的其他任何事情都会更好!

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1 回答 1

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self.func正如您所期望的那样(从评论来看),它没有调用该函数。要调用它,您需要执行self.func(). 此外,如果要包装函数以便将值返回到外部,则需要执行return self.func(),或存储该值并稍后返回(在您的with块之后)。

但是,您的代码在其他方面似乎有点可疑。例如,您__call__接受func了一个参数,但它没有被使用,而dictionary装饰器应该包装的方法接受一个名为的参数,该参数word显然应该是一个字符串。这让我觉得你误解了装饰器的工作原理。

当您@Deco用作装饰器时,该类将作为参数传递给要装饰的函数。Deco实例本身就是结果,所以在 this之后Vocab.dictionaryDeco. 当您随后调用时Vocab().dictionary(),您正在调用 的__call__方法Deco。因此,如果您尝试 wrap dictionary,您的 Deco__call__应该接受与接受相同的参数dictionary,并且应该将它们传递给dictionary. (这可能是您遇到错误的原因self.func()--- 您在dictionary没有参数的情况下调用,但它需要一个参数。)

于 2012-08-20T05:16:02.593 回答