在通过回答关于属性可访问性测试的另一个 StackOverflow 问题(并认为它们非常棒)了解了shoulda-matchers之后,我决定尝试重构我在Rails 教程中所做的模型测试,以使它们更加简洁和彻底。我之所以这样做,是因为模块文档和. 但是,仍有一些事情我不确定,我想知道如何才能使这些测试变得更好。 Shoulda::Matchers::ActiveRecord
Shoulda::Matchers::ActiveModel
我将使用 Rails 教程中的用户规范作为我的示例,因为它是最详细的,并且涵盖了许多可以改进的领域。以下代码示例已从原始user_spec.rb更改,并将代码替换到该describe "micropost associations"
行。该规范针对user.rb模型进行测试,其工厂在 factory.rb 中定义。
规格/模型/user_spec.rb
# == Schema Information
#
# Table name: users
#
# id :integer not null, primary key
# name :string(255)
# email :string(255)
# created_at :datetime not null
# updated_at :datetime not null
# password_digest :string(255)
# remember_token :string(255)
# admin :boolean default(FALSE)
#
# Indexes
#
# index_users_on_email (email) UNIQUE
# index_users_on_remember_token (remember_token)
#
require 'spec_helper'
describe User do
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
subject { user }
describe "database schema" do
it { should have_db_column(:id).of_type(:integer)
.with_options(null: false) }
it { should have_db_column(:name).of_type(:string) }
it { should have_db_column(:email).of_type(:string) }
it { should have_db_column(:created_at).of_type(:datetime)
.with_options(null: false) }
it { should have_db_column(:updated_at).of_type(:datetime)
.with_options(null: false) }
it { should have_db_column(:password_digest).of_type(:string) }
it { should have_db_column(:remember_token).of_type(:string) }
it { should have_db_column(:admin).of_type(:boolean)
.with_options(default: false) }
it { should have_db_index(:email).unique(true) }
it { should have_db_index(:remember_token) }
end
describe "associations" do
it { should have_many(:microposts).dependent(:destroy) }
it { should have_many(:relationships).dependent(:destroy) }
it { should have_many(:followed_users).through(:relationships) }
it { should have_many(:reverse_relationships).class_name("Relationship")
.dependent(:destroy) }
it { should have_many(:followers).through(:reverse_relationships) }
end
describe "model attributes" do
it { should respond_to(:name) }
it { should respond_to(:email) }
it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
it { should respond_to(:remember_token) }
it { should respond_to(:admin) }
it { should respond_to(:microposts) }
it { should respond_to(:relationships) }
it { should respond_to(:followed_users) }
it { should respond_to(:reverse_relationships) }
it { should respond_to(:followers) }
end
describe "virtual attributes and methods from has_secure_password" do
it { should respond_to(:password) }
it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
it { should respond_to(:authenticate) }
end
describe "accessible attributes" do
it { should_not allow_mass_assignment_of(:password_digest) }
it { should_not allow_mass_assignment_of(:remember_token) }
it { should_not allow_mass_assignment_of(:admin) }
end
describe "instance methods" do
it { should respond_to(:feed) }
it { should respond_to(:following?) }
it { should respond_to(:follow!) }
it { should respond_to(:unfollow!) }
end
describe "initial state" do
it { should be_valid }
it { should_not be_admin }
its(:remember_token) { should_not be_blank }
its(:email) { should_not =~ /\p{Upper}/ }
end
describe "validations" do
context "for name" do
it { should validate_presence_of(:name) }
it { should_not allow_value(" ").for(:name) }
it { should ensure_length_of(:name).is_at_most(50) }
end
context "for email" do
it { should validate_presence_of(:email) }
it { should_not allow_value(" ").for(:email) }
it { should validate_uniqueness_of(:email).case_insensitive }
context "when email format is invalid" do
addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user@foo.]
addresses.each do |invalid_address|
it { should_not allow_value(invalid_address).for(:email) }
end
end
context "when email format is valid" do
addresses = %w[user@foo.COM A_US-ER@f.b.org frst.lst@foo.jp a+b@baz.cn]
addresses.each do |valid_address|
it { should allow_value(valid_address).for(:email) }
end
end
end
context "for password" do
it { should ensure_length_of(:password).is_at_least(6) }
it { should_not allow_value(" ").for(:password) }
context "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
it { should_not allow_value("mismatch").for(:password) }
end
end
context "for password_confirmation" do
it { should validate_presence_of(:password_confirmation) }
end
end
# ...
end
关于这些测试的一些具体问题:
- 是否值得测试数据库模式?上面提到的 StackOverflow 答案中的一条评论说“我只测试与行为相关的东西,我不考虑列或索引行为的存在。除非有人故意删除它们,否则数据库列不会消失,但是你可以通过代码审查和信任来防止这种情况”,我同意这一点,但是是否有任何正当理由可以测试数据库模式的结构,从而证明
Shoulda::Matchers::ActiveRecord
模块的存在是合理的?也许只有重要的指标值得测试......? - 下的
should have_many
测试是否"associations"
替换should respond_to
下相应的测试"model attributes"
?我无法判断should have_many
测试是只是在模型文件中查找相关has_many
声明,还是实际上执行与should respond_to
. - 您是否有任何其他意见/建议可以使这些测试在内容和结构上更简洁/可读/彻底?