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首先，我是一个完整的 DirectX 菜鸟。我正在将位图加载到表面中，并且需要在显示之前对其应用 HLSL 效果。目标是在图像上显示实时效果。无论出于何种原因，图像显示但没有效果。

我认为这可能与我将表面拉伸到后缓冲区并规避效果有关，但我不知道如何解决它。最终，这个表面将包含一个立体图像对加上 Nvidia 的立体图像签名，以便它与 3D Vision 一起使用。虽然这对这个问题无关紧要，但它可以解释为什么我使用表面，而其他方法可能更好。

这是我的代码：

在表格中：

public partial class frmMain : Form
{
    private Device device;
    private Effect effect = null;
    private Surface ImageSurface;
    private Rectangle ImageSize;

    public frmMain()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    public bool InitializeGraphics()
    {
        //Get Bitmap
        Bitmap MyImage = (Bitmap)Bitmap.FromFile(@"C:\test\OD_1_L.jpg");
        ImageSize = new Rectangle(0, 0, MyImage.Width, MyImage.Height);

        //Set Presentation Parameters
        PresentParameters presentParams = new PresentParameters();
        presentParams.Windowed = true;
        presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
        presentParams.AutoDepthStencilFormat = DepthFormat.D16;
        presentParams.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
        presentParams.BackBufferFormat = Format.A8R8G8B8;
        presentParams.BackBufferCount = 1;
        presentParams.BackBufferWidth = MyImage.Width;
        presentParams.BackBufferHeight = MyImage.Height;
        presentParams.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.One;


        bool canDoShaders = true;

        //Determine whether or not the hardware can support shaders...
        Caps hardware = Manager.GetDeviceCaps(0, DeviceType.Hardware);

        if (hardware.VertexShaderVersion >= new Version(1, 1))
        {
            //Default to software processing
            CreateFlags flags = CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing;

            //Use hardware if it's available
            if (hardware.DeviceCaps.SupportsHardwareTransformAndLight)
            {
                flags = CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing;
            }

            //Use pure if it's available
            if (hardware.DeviceCaps.SupportsPureDevice)
            {
                flags |= CreateFlags.PureDevice;
            }

            //Create Device
            device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, flags, presentParams);

            //Create effect
            effect = Effect.FromFile(device, @"..\..\invert.fx", null, ShaderFlags.None, null);
            effect.Technique = "InvertTechnique";

        }
        else
        {
            //No Shader Support
            canDoShaders = false;

            //Create a reference device
            device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Reference, this, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, presentParams);
        }

        //Create Image Surface...            
        ImageSurface = Surface.FromBitmap(device, MyImage, Pool.Default);

        return canDoShaders;
    }

    protected override void OnPaintBackground(PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        //do nothing
    }

    protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue, 1.0f, 0);

        Surface backbuffer = device.GetBackBuffer(0, 0, BackBufferType.Mono);

        device.BeginScene();
        int numPasses = effect.Begin(0);
        for (int i = 0; i < numPasses; i++)
        {
            effect.BeginPass(i);
            device.StretchRectangle(ImageSurface, ImageSize, backbuffer, ImageSize, TextureFilter.None);
            effect.EndPass();
        }
        effect.End();
        device.EndScene();
        device.Present();

        this.Invalidate();
    }
}

在着色器中：

sampler2D input : register(s0); 
float inversionAmount : register(c0);

float4 Invert(float2 uv : TEXCOORD) : COLOR { 
float4 color;
color = tex2D(input, uv.xy); 

//this changes inversion
float4 inverted_color =  1 - color;
inverted_color.a = color.a;
inverted_color.rgb *= inverted_color.a;
return inverted_color;
}

technique InvertTechnique
{
  pass P0
  {
    CullMode = None;

    // shaders
    VertexShader = null;
    PixelShader  = compile ps_1_1 Invert();
  }
}
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