假设实现是 glibc(或类似的),可以在注释中找到以下内容malloc.c
:
Minimum overhead per allocated chunk: 4 or 8 bytes
Each malloced chunk has a hidden word of overhead holding size
and status information.
Minimum allocated size: 4-byte ptrs: 16 bytes (including 4 overhead)
8-byte ptrs: 24/32 bytes (including, 4/8 overhead)
When a chunk is freed, 12 (for 4byte ptrs) or 20 (for 8 byte
ptrs but 4 byte size) or 24 (for 8/8) additional bytes are
needed; 4 (8) for a trailing size field and 8 (16) bytes for
free list pointers. Thus, the minimum allocatable size is
16/24/32 bytes.
这就解释了开销的存在。
现在,对于'off by 1',标志负责。由于分配的大小(实际上)malloc()
总是 8 的倍数,因此三个最低有效位用于存储标志:
/* size field is or'ed with PREV_INUSE when previous adjacent chunk in use */
#define PREV_INUSE 0x1
/* extract inuse bit of previous chunk */
#define prev_inuse(p) ((p)->size & PREV_INUSE)
/* size field is or'ed with IS_MMAPPED if the chunk was obtained with mmap() */
#define IS_MMAPPED 0x2
/* check for mmap()'ed chunk */
#define chunk_is_mmapped(p) ((p)->size & IS_MMAPPED)
/* size field is or'ed with NON_MAIN_ARENA if the chunk was obtained
from a non-main arena. This is only set immediately before handing
the chunk to the user, if necessary. */
#define NON_MAIN_ARENA 0x4
/* check for chunk from non-main arena */
#define chunk_non_main_arena(p) ((p)->size & NON_MAIN_ARENA)
编辑:啊,我差点忘了。大小存储为size_t
,而不是int
,因此您应该使用该类型来访问它。