问题是您遗漏了 ConnectNamedPipe(),它应该始终在CreateNamedPipe() 或 DisconnectNamedPipe() 之后但在尝试任何 I/O 之前调用。
如果您不想在等待客户端连接时阻塞,您可以在异步 I/O 模式下创建管道,在这种情况下,对 ConnectNamedPipe() 的调用需要一个事件对象,该对象将在客户端连接时设置。或者,您可以设置 PIPE_NOWAIT 并定期调用 ConnectNamedPipe() 直到它成功,但这是一个遗留功能,不鼓励使用它。(在大多数情况下,使用事件对象也比轮询更有效。)
正如您所发现的,Windows 确实允许您在不调用 ConnectNamedPipe() 的情况下逃脱,但由于此行为未记录在案,因此可能应该避免。同样,调用 ConnectNamedPipe() 而不等待它成功重置管道的连接状态的事实没有记录,不应依赖。
根据要求,这里有一些真实的代码来演示管道服务器端的使用。此代码取自 GUI 应用程序,因此它使用异步 I/O,但应注意它一次只与一个客户端对话。(但是,它可以在多个线程中运行,只需稍作修改。)
void wait_for_object(HANDLE object)
{
DWORD dw;
MSG msg;
for (;;)
{
dw = MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(1, &object, INFINITE, QS_ALLINPUT, 0);
if (dw == WAIT_OBJECT_0) break;
if (dw == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1)
{
while (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) DispatchMessage(&msg);
continue;
}
srvfail(L"sleep() messageloop", GetLastError());
}
}
HANDLE server_pipe;
HANDLE io_event;
void pipe_connection(void)
{
OVERLAPPED overlapped;
DWORD dw, err;
SecureZeroMemory(&overlapped, sizeof(overlapped));
overlapped.hEvent = io_event;
if (!ReadFile(server_pipe, input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer) - 1, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
wait_for_object(io_event);
if (!GetOverlappedResult(server_pipe, &overlapped, &dw, FALSE))
{
srvfail(L"Read from pipe failed asynchronously.", GetLastError());
}
}
else
{
srvfail(L"Read from pipe failed synchronously.", GetLastError());
}
}
else
{
if (!GetOverlappedResult(server_pipe, &overlapped, &dw, FALSE))
{
srvfail(L"GetOverlappedResult failed reading from pipe.", GetLastError());
}
}
input_buffer[dw] = '\0';
process_command();
if (!WriteFile(server_pipe, &output_struct,
((char *)&output_struct.output_string - (char *)&output_struct) + output_struct.string_length,
NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
wait_for_object(io_event);
if (!GetOverlappedResult(server_pipe, &overlapped, &dw, FALSE))
{
srvfail(L"Write to pipe failed asynchronously.", GetLastError());
}
}
else
{
srvfail(L"Write to pipe failed synchronously.", GetLastError());
}
}
else
{
if (!GetOverlappedResult(server_pipe, &overlapped, &dw, FALSE))
{
srvfail(L"GetOverlappedResult failed writing to pipe.", GetLastError());
}
}
if (!FlushFileBuffers(server_pipe)) srvfail(L"FlushFileBuffers failed.", GetLastError());
if (!DisconnectNamedPipe(server_pipe)) srvfail(L"DisconnectNamedPipe failed.", GetLastError());
}
void server(void)
{
OVERLAPPED overlapped;
DWORD err, dw;
// Create the named pipe
server_pipe = CreateNamedPipe(pipe_name, PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX | FILE_FLAG_FIRST_PIPE_INSTANCE | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE | PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE, 1, buffer_size, buffer_size, 0, NULL);
if (server_pipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) srvfail(L"CreateNamedPipe failed.", GetLastError());
// Wait for connections
io_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
if (io_event == NULL) srvfail(L"CreateEvent(io_event) failed.", GetLastError());
for (;;)
{
SecureZeroMemory(&overlapped, sizeof(overlapped));
overlapped.hEvent = io_event;
if (!ConnectNamedPipe(server_pipe, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED)
{
pipe_connection();
}
else if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
wait_for_object(io_event);
if (!GetOverlappedResult(server_pipe, &overlapped, &dw, FALSE))
{
srvfail(L"Pipe connection failed asynchronously.", GetLastError());
}
pipe_connection();
}
else
{
srvfail(L"Pipe connection failed synchronously.", GetLastError());
}
}
else
{
if (!GetOverlappedResult(server_pipe, &overlapped, &dw, FALSE))
{
srvfail(L"GetOverlappedResult failed connecting pipe.", GetLastError());
}
pipe_connection();
}
}
}
(这段代码在原版的基础上进行了编辑,去除了多余的逻辑。我没有尝试编译编辑后的版本,所以可能会有一些小问题。)