我用 Java 编写了一个简单的应用程序，它采用路径列表并生成一个文件，其中包含该原始列表下的所有文件路径。
如果我有 paths.txt 有：
c:\folder1\
c:\folder2\
...
...
c:\folder1000\
我的应用程序在每个多线程路径上运行递归函数，并返回一个文件，其中包含这些文件夹下的所有文件路径。
现在我想用 Python 编写这个应用程序。
我编写了一个简单的应用程序，用于os.walk()运行给定文件夹并打印文件路径以输出。
现在我想并行运行它，并且我已经看到 Python 有一些用于此目的的模块：多线程和多处理。
最好的方法是什么？在这种方式下，它是如何执行的？
这是一个多处理解决方案：
from multiprocessing.pool import Pool
from multiprocessing import JoinableQueue as Queue
import os
def explore_path(path):
directories = []
nondirectories = []
for filename in os.listdir(path):
fullname = os.path.join(path, filename)
if os.path.isdir(fullname):
directories.append(fullname)
else:
nondirectories.append(filename)
outputfile = path.replace(os.sep, '_') + '.txt'
with open(outputfile, 'w') as f:
for filename in nondirectories:
print >> f, filename
return directories
def parallel_worker():
while True:
path = unsearched.get()
dirs = explore_path(path)
for newdir in dirs:
unsearched.put(newdir)
unsearched.task_done()
# acquire the list of paths
with open('paths.txt') as f:
paths = f.read().split()
unsearched = Queue()
for path in paths:
unsearched.put(path)
with Pool(5) as pool:
for i in range(5):
pool.apply_async(parallel_worker)
unsearched.join()
print('Done')
这是python中线程的一种模式，对我很有用。不过，由于线程在 CPython 中的工作方式，我不确定线程是否会提高您的性能。
import threading
import Queue
import os
class PathThread (threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, queue):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.queue = queue
def printfiles(self, p):
for path, dirs, files in os.walk(p):
for f in files:
print path + "/" + f
def run(self):
while True:
path = self.queue.get()
self.printfiles(path)
self.queue.task_done()
# threadsafe queue
pathqueue = Queue.Queue()
paths = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
# spawn threads
for i in range(0, 5):
t = PathThread(pathqueue)
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
# add paths to queue
for path in paths:
pathqueue.put(path)
# wait for queue to get empty
pathqueue.join()
甚至线程对于目录遍历也很有帮助。我使用以下代码遍历 SharePoint 树，大约 50 个线程获得了相当显着的加速。这个特定的程序为目录结构中的所有 xml 文件返回（路径、数据）对，并且可以简单地扩展以供您使用。（这是从我的程序中剪切和粘贴的；需要进行一些额外的编辑。）
#unique string for error passing error messages
ERROR = '\xffERROR\xff'
class ScanWorker(threading.Thread):
"""Worker class for scanning directory structures.
pathQueue: queue for pathnames of directories
resultQueue: results of processFile, pairs of (path, data) to be updated
"""
lock = threading.Lock()
dirCount = 0
def __init__(self, pathQueue, resultQueue):
self.pathQueue = pathQueue
self.resultQueue = resultQueue
super().__init__()
def run(self):
"""Worker thread.
Get a directory, process it, and put new directories on the
queue."""
try:
while True:
self.processDir(self.pathQueue.get())
self.pathQueue.task_done()
except Exception as e:
#pass on exception to main thread
description = traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())
description.insert(0,
"Error in thread {}:\n".format(
threading.current_thread().name))
self.resultQueue.put((ERROR, description))
self.pathQueue.task_done()
def processDir(self, top):
"""Visit a directory
Call self.processFile on every file, and queue the directories.
"""
#Wait and retry a few times in case of network errors.
#SharePoint is not reliable, gives errors for no reason
for retryCount in range(30):
try:
names = listdir(top)
break
except OSError as e:
if e.errno in (2,22):
lastError = e
print(end="L", flush=True)
time.sleep(1)
else:
raise
else:
print("List: too many retries")
raise lastError
#it is not important to worry about race conditions here
self.__class__.dirCount += 1
#process contents
for name in names:
if isdir(join(top, name)): self.pathQueue.put(join(top, name))
else: self.processFile(join(top, name))
def processFile(self, path):
"""Get XML file.
"""
#only xml files
if not path.lower().endswith('.xml'): return
filemtime = datetime.fromtimestamp(getmtime(path))
#SharePoint is not reliable, gives errors for no reason; just retry
for retryCount in range(30):
try:
data = open(path,'rb').read()
break
except OSError as e:
if e.errno in (2,22):
lastError = e
print(end="R", flush=True)
time.sleep(1)
else:
raise
else:
print("Read: too many retries")
raise lastError
self.resultQueue.put((path, data))
class Scanner:
"""Interface to the ScanWorkers
Sharepoint is pretty fast compared to its delay and handles 50 workers well
Make sure you only create one instance of Scanner!
"""
def __init__(self, workers):
#don't restrict the path queue length; this causes deadlock
#we use a LIFO queue to get more depth-first like search
#reducing average queue length and hopefully improving server caching
self.pathQueue = queue.LifoQueue()
#this is the output queue to the main thread
self.resultQueue = queue.Queue(5)
self.workers = workers
#start workers
for i in range(workers):
t = ScanWorker(self.pathQueue, self.resultQueue)
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
def startWorkers(self, path):
#add counter
self.added = 0
#and go
self.pathQueue.put(path)
def processResult(self, wait=True):
"""Get an element from the result queue, and add to the zip file."""
path, data = self.resultQueue.get(block=wait)
if path==ERROR:
#process gave alarm; stop scanning
#pass on description
raise ScanError(data)
<do whatever you want to do with the file>
self.resultQueue.task_done()
self.added += 1
#main
try:
#set up
scanner = Scanner(threads)
scanner.startWorkers(rootpath)
pathQueue, resultQueue = scanner.pathQueue, scanner.resultQueue
#scanner is rolling; wait for it to finish
with pathQueue.all_tasks_done:
while pathQueue.unfinished_tasks:
#tasks are still running
#process results
while True:
try: scanner.processResult(wait=False)
except queue.Empty: break
#no new files found; check if scanner is ready
done = pathQueue.all_tasks_done.wait(timeout=1)
if not done:
#Not yet; print something while we wait
print(
"\rProcessed {} files from {} directories [{} {}] "
.format(
scanner.added,
ScanWorker.dirCount,
pathQueue.unfinished_tasks,
resultQueue.unfinished_tasks,
), end='\r')
#just to make sure everybody is ready: join the path queue
pathQueue.join()
#process remaining of result queue
while resultQueue.unfinished_tasks: scanner.processResult(wait=True)
#go to new line to prevent overwriting progress messages
print()
except ScanError as e:
print()
print(*e.args[0], end='')
print("Process interrupted.")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\nProcess interrupted.")
print()