单线:
keys, (newkey, newvalue) = list_address[:-2], list_address[-2:]
reduce(dict.__getitem__, keys, dict_nested)[newkey] = newvalue
注意:dict.get
并且operator.getitem
会在这里产生错误的异常。
Joel Cornett 的答案中的明确 for 循环可能更具可读性。
如果要创建不存在的中间字典:
reduce(lambda d,k: d.setdefault(k, {}), keys, dict_nested)[newkey] = newvalue
如果您想覆盖不是字典的现有中间值,例如字符串、整数:
from collections import MutableMapping
def set_value(d, keys, newkey, newvalue, default_factory=dict):
"""
Equivalent to `reduce(dict.get, keys, d)[newkey] = newvalue`
if all `keys` exists and corresponding values are of correct type
"""
for key in keys:
try:
val = d[key]
except KeyError:
val = d[key] = default_factory()
else:
if not isinstance(val, MutableMapping):
val = d[key] = default_factory()
d = val
d[newkey] = newvalue
例子
list_address = ["key1", "key1.2", "key1.2.1", "key1.2.1.1", "value"]
dict_nested = {
"key1": {
"key1.1": {
"...": "...",
},
"key1.2": {
"key1.2.1": "change_this",
},
},
"key2": {
"...": "..."
},
}
set_value(dict_nested, list_address[:-2], *list_address[-2:])
assert reduce(dict.get, list_address[:-1], dict_nested) == list_address[-1]
测试
>>> from collections import OrderedDict
>>> d = OrderedDict()
>>> set_value(d, [], 'a', 1, OrderedDict) # non-existent key
>>> d.items()
[('a', 1)]
>>> set_value(d, 'b', 'a', 2) # non-existent intermediate key
>>> d.items()
[('a', 1), ('b', {'a': 2})]
>>> set_value(d, 'a', 'b', 3) # wrong intermediate type
>>> d.items()
[('a', {'b': 3}), ('b', {'a': 2})]
>>> d = {}
>>> set_value(d, 'abc', 'd', 4)
>>> reduce(dict.get, 'abcd', d) == d['a']['b']['c']['d'] == 4
True
>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> autovivify = lambda: defaultdict(autovivify)
>>> d = autovivify()
>>> set_value(d, 'abc', 'd', 4)
>>> reduce(dict.get, 'abcd', d) == d['a']['b']['c']['d'] == 4
True
>>> set_value(1, 'abc', 'd', 4) #doctest:+IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError:
>>> set_value([], 'abc', 'd', 4) #doctest:+IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError:
>>> L = [10]
>>> set_value(L, [0], 2, 3)
>>> L
[{2: 3}]