java - 二叉树的直径 - 更好的设计

Question

我写了一个代码来查找二叉树的直径。需要以下建议：

我可以在不使用类级别的静态变量的情况下做到这一点吗？

算法好吗/有什么建议吗？

public class DiameterOfTree {   
public static int diameter = 0; 
public static int getDiameter(BinaryTreeNode root) {        
    if (root != null) {                     
        int leftCount = getDiameter(root.getLeft());
        int rightCount = getDiameter(root.getRight());
        if (leftCount + rightCount > diameter) {
            diameter = leftCount + rightCount;
            System.out.println("---diameter------------->" + diameter);
        }           
        if ( leftCount > rightCount) {
            return leftCount + 1;
        }
        return rightCount + 1;
    }
    return 0;
  }
}

score 42 · Accepted Answer

在尝试找到二叉树中两个节点之间的最长路径（直径）时，需要考虑三种情况：

最长的路径通过根，
最长的路径完全包含在左子树中，
最长的路径完全包含在右子树中。

通过根的最长路径只是左右子树的高度之和（对于根不需要 +1，因为具有根节点和 1 个左、1 个右子树节点的树的直径将是 2 )，另外两个可以递归找到：

public static int getDiameter(BinaryTreeNode root) {        
    if (root == null)
        return 0;

    int rootDiameter = getHeight(root.getLeft()) + getHeight(root.getRight()); //Removing the +1
    int leftDiameter = getDiameter(root.getLeft());
    int rightDiameter = getDiameter(root.getRight());

    return Math.max(rootDiameter, Math.max(leftDiameter, rightDiameter));
}

public static int getHeight(BinaryTreeNode root) {
    if (root == null)
        return 0;

    return Math.max(getHeight(root.getLeft()), getHeight(root.getRight())) + 1;
}

score 41 · Accepted Answer

这是一个 O(n) 解决方案，对已接受的答案进行了最小的更改：

public static int[] getDiameter(BinaryTreeNode root) {
    int[] result = new int[]{0,0};    //1st element: diameter, 2nd: height    
    if (root == null)  return result;
    int[] leftResult = getDiameter(root.getLeft());
    int[] rightResult = getDiameter(root.getRight());
    int height = Math.max(leftResult[1], rightResult[1]) + 1;
    int rootDiameter = leftResult[1] + rightResult[1] + 1;
    int leftDiameter = leftResult[0];
    int rightDiameter = rightResult[0];
    result[0] = Math.max(rootDiameter, Math.max(leftDiameter, rightDiameter));
    result[1] = height;

    return result;
}

它只是同时计算高度和直径。由于 Java 没有传递引用，我定义了一个 int[] 来返回结果。

score 9 · Accepted Answer

这是一个具有O(N)时间复杂度的 Java 解决方案。它在计算直径时以相同的递归方式计算高度。参考链接

private class HeightWrapper {
    int height = 0;
}

private int getDiameter_helper(BinaryTreeNode root, HeightWrapper wrapper) {
    if (root == null) {
        return 0; // diameter and height are 0
    }

    /* wrappers for heights of the left and right subtrees */
    HeightWrapper lhWrapper = new HeightWrapper();
    HeightWrapper rhWrapper = new HeightWrapper();

    /* get heights of left and right subtrees and their diameters */
    int leftDiameter = getDiameter_helper(root.left, lhWrapper);
    int rightDiameter = getDiameter_helper(root.right, rhWrapper);

    /* calculate root diameter */
    int rootDiameter = lhWrapper.height + rhWrapper.height + 1;

    /* calculate height of current node */
    wrapper.height = Math.max(lhWrapper.height, rhWrapper.height) + 1;

    /* calculate the diameter */
    return Math.max(rootDiameter, Math.max(leftDiameter, rightDiameter));
}

public int getDiameter(BinaryTreeNode root) {
    HeightWrapper wrapper = new HeightWrapper();
    return getDiameter_helper(root, wrapper);
}

score 4 · Accepted Answer

您不需要将结果存储在静态字段直径中。只需使用这样的静态方法：

public class DiameterOfTree {

    public static long getDiameter(BinaryTreeNode root) {
        if (root != null) {
            long leftDiameter = getDiameter(root.getLeft());
            long rightDiameter = getDiameter(root.getRight());
            long leftHeight = getHeight(root.getLeft());
            long rightHeight = getHeight(root.getRight());
            return Math.max(leftHeight + rightHeight + 1, Math.max(leftDiameter, rightDiameter));
        }
        return 0;
    }

    public static long getHeight(BinaryTreeNode root) {
        if (root != null) {
            long leftHeight = getHeight(root.getLeft());
            long rightHeight = getHeight(root.getRight());
            return  1 + Math.max(leftHeight, rightHeight);
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

score 3 · Accepted Answer

与接受的答案相比，有一个最小的O(n)答案。

int DiameterTree(BinaryTreeNode root, int diameter) {
    int left, right;
    if (!root) return 0;

    left  = DiameterTree(root.getLeft(), diameter);
    right = DiameterTree(root.getRight(), diameter);
    if (left + right > diameter) diameter = left + right;

    return Math.max(left, right) + 1;
}

假设diameter是类中的静态变量。

score 2 · Accepted Answer

一棵树的直径 T 为

直径(T) = max( 直径(T.left), 直径(T.right), 高度(T.left)+高度(T.right)+1 )

 private class Data {  
   public int height;  
   public int diameter;  
 }  

 private void diameter(TreeNode root, Data d) {  
   if (root == null) {  
     d.height = 0; d.diameter = 0; return;  
   }  
   diameter(root.left, d); // get data in left subtree  
   int hLeft = d.height;  
   int dLeft = d.diameter;  
   diameter(root.right, d); // overwrite with data in right tree  
   d.diameter = Math.max(Math.max(dLeft, d.diameter), hLeft+d.height+1);  
   d.height = Math.max(hLeft, d.height) + 1;  
 }  

 public int diameter(TreeNode root) {  
   Data data = new Data();  
   diameter(root, data);  
   return data.diameter;  
 }

score 1 · Accepted Answer

public class NodeWrap{
    int height = 0;
    int maxLength = 0;
    public NodeWrap(int h, int m){
        height = s;
        maxLength = m;
    }
}


public NodeWrap getDiameter(BinaryNode root){
    if(root == null){
        return new NodeWrap(0, 0);
    }

    NodeWrap left = getDiameter(root.left);
    NodeWrap right = getDiameter(root.right);

    int height = Math.max(left.height + right.height) + 1;

    int maxLength = Math.max(left.maxLength, right.maxLength);
    if(left.height != 0 && right.height != 0){
        maxLength = Math.max(left.height + right.height + 1, maxLength);
    }
    return new NodeWrap(singleLength, maxLength);
}

score 1 · Accepted Answer

One more O(n) solution in python,
code is self explanatory, only issue with this code is it returns tuple containing both height and diameter of the tree. 

def diameter(node, height):
  if node is None:
    return 0, 0
  leftheight  = 0
  rightheight = 0
  leftdiameter,  leftheight = diameter(node.left, leftheight)
  rightdiameter, rightheight = diameter(node.right, rightheight)
  rootheight = 1 + max(leftheight, rightheight ) 
  rootdiameter = ( leftheight + rightheight + 1 )
  return max( rootdiameter, leftdiameter, rightdiameter ), rootheight

score 0 · Accepted Answer

最有效的方法是计算直径和高度以达到 O(n)，这是最简单的方法 [Python3,PyPy3]

for this definition for a binary tree node,
class TreeNode:
     def __init__(self, x):
         self.val = x
         self.left = None
         self.right = None

class Solution:
def diameterOfBinaryTree(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
    self.height = 1

    def height(node):
        if node is None:
            return 0
        l_height = height(node.left)
        r_height = height(node.right)
        self.height = max(self.height,l_height+r_height+1)
        return max(l_height,r_height) + 1

    height(root)
    return self.height-1

最简单且经济实惠的解决方案，运行时间更快，复杂性更低。

score 0 · Accepted Answer

干净整洁的解决方案：

// way to use below util function:
prop p = new prop();
diameterUtil(root, p);
System.out.println(p.d);

class prop {
    int h;
    int d;
}

private void diameterUtil(Node n, prop p) {
    if (n == null) {
        p.h = 0;
        p.d = 0;
        return;
    }
    prop lp = new prop();
    prop rp = new prop();
    diameterUtil(n.left, lp);
    diameterUtil(n.right, rp);
    p.h = Math.max(lp.h, rp.h) + 1;
    p.d = Math.max((lp.h + rp.h + 1), Math.max(lp.d, rp.d));
}

score 0 · Accepted Answer

这是 C++ 中的一种递归解决方案，它为您提供二叉树的高度和直径。

struct tree
{
    int height = -1;
    int diameter = 0;
};

struct tree BSTDiameter(struct node *root)
{
    struct tree currentTree, leftTree, rightTree;
    if (root == NULL)
    {
        currentTree.height = -1;
        currentTree.diameter = 0;
        return currentTree;
    }
    leftTree = BSTDiameter(root->left);
    rightTree = BSTDiameter(root->right);
    currentTree.height = ((leftTree.height > rightTree.height) ? leftTree.height : rightTree.height) + 1;
    if (leftTree.height == -1 || rightTree.height == -1)
        currentTree.diameter = 0;
    else
        currentTree.diameter = (leftTree.height + rightTree.height + 3) > (rightTree.diameter > leftTree.diameter ? rightTree.diameter : leftTree.diameter) ? (leftTree.height + rightTree.height + 3) : (rightTree.diameter > leftTree.diameter ? rightTree.diameter : leftTree.diameter);
    return currentTree;
}

其时间复杂度为 O(h)，其中 h 是树的高度。希望对你有所帮助。

java - 二叉树的直径 - 更好的设计

11 回答 11

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