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我在 PHP 中实现了一个 AVL 树(一种自平衡二叉搜索树),并且工作正常。我有按顺序、预顺序和级别顺序迭代器工作,但我不知道如何为 BST 执行后序迭代器。谷歌搜索出现了如何进行迭代后序遍历,但不是迭代器。

到目前为止,我唯一的成功是使用后序遍历来构建一个数组,然后返回一个数组迭代器。这很糟糕,因为它对树进行了两次迭代并增加了更多的空间复杂度。

构建后序迭代器的一般算法是什么?

标记在这里的唯一原因是PHP中的迭代器与 Java 或 C++ 中的迭代器不同。它可能会影响您的建议。

此外,如果 PHP 有生成器,这将是一件轻而易举的事,因为后序遍历可以简单地产生值,将其变成一个迭代器。. .

编辑:这是按顺序迭代器实现。也许它可以帮助您了解我对后序迭代器的要求:

class InOrderIterator implements Iterator {

    /**
     * @var ArrayStack
     */
    protected $stack;

    /**
     * @var BinaryNode
     */
    protected $root;

    /**
     * @var BinaryNode
     */
    protected $value;

    public function __construct(BinaryNode $root) {
        $this->stack = new ArrayStack;
        $this->root = $root;
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.current.php
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function current() {
        return $this->value->getValue();
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.next.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function next() {
        /**
         * @var BinaryNode $node
         */
        $node = $this->stack->pop();

        $right = $node->getRight();
        if ($right !== NULL) {
            // left-most branch of the right side
            for ($left = $right; $left !== NULL; $left = $left->getLeft()) {
                $this->stack->push($left);
            }
        }

        if ($this->stack->isEmpty()) {
            $this->value = NULL;
            return;
        }
        $this->value = $this->stack->peek();

    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.key.php
     * @return NULL
     */
    public function key() {
        return NULL; //no keys in a tree . . .
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.valid.php
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function valid() {
        return $this->value !== NULL;
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function rewind() {
        $this->stack->clear();

        for ($current = $this->root; $current !== NULL; $current = $current->getLeft()) {
            $this->stack->push($current);
        }

        $this->value = $this->stack->peek();
    }
}
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1 回答 1

0

我几乎能够将 C++ 中的迭代遍历示例转换为迭代器。最新在 github 上。仍然需要弄清楚几个案例。

class PostOrderIterator implements Iterator {

    /**
     * @var ArrayStack
     */
    protected $stack;

    /**
     * @var BinaryNode
     */
    protected $root;

    /**
     * @var BinaryNode
     */
    protected $value;

    protected $current;

    public function __construct(BinaryNode $root) {
        $this->stack = new ArrayStack;
        $this->root = $root;
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.current.php
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function current() {
        return $this->current->getValue();
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.next.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function next() {
        /**
         * @var BinaryNode $node
         */
        if ($this->value !== NULL) {
            $right = $this->value->getRight();
            if ($right !== NULL) {
                $this->stack->push($right);
            }
            $this->stack->push($this->value);
            $this->value = $this->value->getLeft();
            $this->next();
            return;
        }

        if ($this->stack->isEmpty()) {
            $this->current = $this->value;
            $this->value = NULL;
            return;
        }

        $this->value = $this->stack->pop();

        $right = $this->value->getRight();
        if ($right !== NULL && !$this->stack->isEmpty() && ($right === $this->stack->peek())) {
            $this->stack->pop();
            $this->stack->push($this->value);
            $this->value = $this->value->getRight();
            $this->current = $this->value;
        } else {

            if ($this->current === $this->value) {
                $this->value = NULL;
                $this->next();
            } else {
                $this->current = $this->value;
                $this->value = NULL;
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.key.php
     * @return NULL
     */
    public function key() {
        return NULL; //no keys in a tree . . .
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.valid.php
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function valid() {
        return $this->current !== NULL;
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function rewind() {
        $this->stack->clear();

        $this->value = $this->root;
        $this->next();
    }
}

我无法描述该算法或证明它在做什么,但希望随着时间的推移它会变得有意义。

于 2012-08-03T20:33:56.683 回答