我在C++ FAQ上遇到了一个有趣的基类实现,根据我的天真理解,它可以作为一些智能指针实现(例如 shared_ptr)的替代方案。这是示例代码的逐字记录,但请按照上面的链接进行解释:
class Fred {
public:
static Fred create1(std::string const& s, int i);
static Fred create2(float x, float y);
Fred(Fred const& f);
Fred& operator= (Fred const& f);
~Fred();
void sampleInspectorMethod() const; // No changes to this object
void sampleMutatorMethod(); // Change this object
...
private:
class Data {
public:
Data() : count_(1) { }
Data(Data const& d) : count_(1) { } // Do NOT copy the 'count_' member!
Data& operator= (Data const&) { return *this; } // Do NOT copy the 'count_' member!
virtual ~Data() { assert(count_ == 0); } // A virtual destructor
virtual Data* clone() const = 0; // A virtual constructor
virtual void sampleInspectorMethod() const = 0; // A pure virtual function
virtual void sampleMutatorMethod() = 0;
private:
unsigned count_; // count_ doesn't need to be protected
friend class Fred; // Allow Fred to access count_
};
class Der1 : public Data {
public:
Der1(std::string const& s, int i);
virtual void sampleInspectorMethod() const;
virtual void sampleMutatorMethod();
virtual Data* clone() const;
...
};
class Der2 : public Data {
public:
Der2(float x, float y);
virtual void sampleInspectorMethod() const;
virtual void sampleMutatorMethod();
virtual Data* clone() const;
...
};
Fred(Data* data);
// Creates a Fred smart-reference that owns *data
// It is private to force users to use a createXXX() method
// Requirement: data must not be NULL
Data* data_; // Invariant: data_ is never NULL
};
Fred::Fred(Data* data) : data_(data) { assert(data != NULL); }
Fred Fred::create1(std::string const& s, int i) { return Fred(new Der1(s, i)); }
Fred Fred::create2(float x, float y) { return Fred(new Der2(x, y)); }
Fred::Data* Fred::Der1::clone() const { return new Der1(*this); }
Fred::Data* Fred::Der2::clone() const { return new Der2(*this); }
Fred::Fred(Fred const& f)
: data_(f.data_)
{
++data_->count_;
}
Fred& Fred::operator= (Fred const& f)
{
// DO NOT CHANGE THE ORDER OF THESE STATEMENTS!
// (This order properly handles self-assignment)
// (This order also properly handles recursion, e.g., if a Fred::Data contains Freds)
Data* const old = data_;
data_ = f.data_;
++data_->count_;
if (--old->count_ == 0) delete old;
return *this;
}
Fred::~Fred()
{
if (--data_->count_ == 0) delete data_;
}
void Fred::sampleInspectorMethod() const
{
// This method promises ("const") not to change anything in *data_
// Therefore we simply "pass the method through" to *data_:
data_->sampleInspectorMethod();
}
void Fred::sampleMutatorMethod()
{
// This method might need to change things in *data_
// Thus it first checks if this is the only pointer to *data_
if (data_->count_ > 1) {
Data* d = data_->clone(); // The Virtual Constructor Idiom
--data_->count_;
data_ = d;
}
assert(data_->count_ == 1);
// Now we "pass the method through" to *data_:
data_->sampleMutatorMethod();
}
我没有看到任何 C++ 库中使用了这种方法。虽然它看起来很优雅。假设为单线程环境,为简单起见,请回答以下问题:
- 这是管理对象生命周期的智能指针方法的合适替代方案,还是只是自找麻烦?
- 如果合适,你为什么认为它不经常使用?