javascript - 在javascript中替换字符串中的多个字符

Question

我得到了这个很好的代码，我不知道为什么它不起作用。出于兼容性目的，它应该获取文本输入的值并将每个给定的国家字符替换为其 HTML 代码。但是，当我单击按钮时，该函数将返回字符串而不做任何更改。任何的想法？

（jsfiddle）

<a id="reminder1" onclick="document.getElementById('reminder2').style.display = ''; document.getElementById('reminder1').style.display = 'none';">
    Set reminder
</a>
<a id="reminder2" class="reminder" style="display:none;">
    <input type="text" id="reminderh" size=40 style="font-size:20px;">
    <input type="button" value="Set" onclick="csere(document.getElementById('reminderh').value);">
</a>

<script>
function csere(qwe){
document.getElementById('reminder2').style.display = 'none';

var rtz0  = qwe.replace("á","&aacute;");
var rtz1  = rtz0.replace("Á","&Aacute;");

var rtz2  = rtz1.replace("é","&eacute;");
var rtz3  = rtz2.replace("É","&Eacute;");

var rtz4  = rtz3.replace("í","&iacute;");
var rtz5  = rtz4.replace("Í","&Iacute;");

var rtz6  = rtz5.replace("ö","&ouml;");
var rtz7  = rtz6.replace("Ö","&Ouml;");
var rtz8  = rtz7.replace("ő","&&#337;");
var rtz9  = rtz8.replace("Ő","&#336;");
var rtz10 = rtz9.replace("ó","&oacute;");
var rtz11 = rtz10.replace("Ó","&Oacute;");

var rtz12 = rtz11.replace("ü","&uuml;");
var rtz13 = rtz12.replace("Ü","&Uuml;");
var rtz14 = rtz13.replace("ű","&#369;");
var rtz15 = rtz14.replace("Ű","&#368;");
var rtz16 = rtz15.replace("ú","&uacute;");
var uio = rtz16.replace("Ú","&Uacute;");

//Creates a cookie with the final value (different function)
createCookie('reminder',uio,1500);

document.getElementById('reminder1').style.display = '';
}
</script>

Answer 1

您可以为每个要替换的字符创建一个具有键/值对的对象：

var chars = {
    "á" : "á",
    "Á" : "Á",
    "é" : "é",
    "É" : "É",
    ...
}

然后在你的调用中使用一个函数.replace：

var uio = qwe.replace(/[áÁéÉ]/g,function(c) { return chars[c]; });

您的对象和正则表达式显然需要增长以包含您要替换的所有字符

Answer 2

您可以以编程方式替换所有内容，而不是使用命名实体：

return input.replace(/[^ -~]/g, function(chr) {
//                    ^^^^^^ 
// this is a regexp for "everything than printable ASCII-characters"
// and even works in a ASCII-only charset. Identic: [^\u0020-\u007E]
    return "&#"+chr.charCodeAt(0)+";";
});

如果你想使用命名实体，你可以将它与键值映射结合起来（就像@jackwanders 的答案一样）：

var chars = {
    "á" : "á",
    "Á" : "Á",
    "é" : "é",
    "É" : "É",
    ...
}
return input.replace(/[^ -~]/g, function(chr) {
    return (chr in chars) 
      ? chars[chr]
      : "&#"+chr.charCodeAt(0)+";";
});

---

但是，您永远不需要在 JavaScript 中使用 html 实体。使用 UTF8 作为所有字符的编码，它会起作用。

Answer 3

字符受制于 HTML 页面、JavaScript 页面和 HTTP 请求的编码。尝试用它们的 Unicode 等价物替换字符：

<a id="reminder1" onclick="document.getElementById('reminder2').style.display = ''; document.getElementById('reminder1').style.display = 'none';">
    Set reminder
</a>
<a id="reminder2" class="reminder" style="display:none;">
    <input type="text" id="reminderh" size=40 style="font-size:20px;">
    <input type="button" value="Set" onclick="csere(document.getElementById('reminderh').value);">
</a>

<script>
function csere(qwe){
document.getElementById('reminder2').style.display = 'none';

var rtz0  = qwe.replace(/\u00E1/,"&aacute;");
var rtz1  = rtz0.replace(/\u00C1/,"&Aacute;");

var rtz2  = rtz1.replace(/\u00E9/,"&eacute;");
var rtz3  = rtz2.replace(/\u00C9/,"&Eacute;");

var rtz4  = rtz3.replace(/\u00ED/,"&iacute;");
var rtz5  = rtz4.replace(/\u00CD/,"&Iacute;");

var rtz6  = rtz5.replace(/\u00F6/,"&ouml;");
var rtz7  = rtz6.replace(/\u00D6/,"&Ouml;");
var rtz8  = rtz7.replace(/\u00F5/,"&&#337;");
var rtz9  = rtz8.replace(/\u00D5/,"&#336;");
var rtz10 = rtz9.replace(/\u00F3/,"&oacute;");
var rtz11 = rtz10.replace(/\u00D3/,"&Oacute;");

var rtz12 = rtz11.replace(/\u00FC/,"&uuml;");
var rtz13 = rtz12.replace(/\u00DC/,"&Uuml;");
var rtz14 = rtz13.replace(/\u0171/,"&#369;");
var rtz15 = rtz14.replace(/\u0170/,"&#368;");
var rtz16 = rtz15.replace(/\u00FA/,"&uacute;");
var uio = rtz16.replace(/\u00DA/,"&Uacute;");

//Creates a cookie with the final value (different function)
createCookie('reminder',uio,1500);

document.getElementById('reminder1').style.display = '';
}
</script>

仔细检查我的转换以确定。我在Wikibooks上使用了网格。

Answer 4

我认为您在仅替换字符的第一个实例时遇到问题。在 javascript 中，您必须使用正则表达式指定全局替换，如下所示：

var rtz0  = qwe.replace(new RegExp("á", "g"), "á");

最好创建一个 PPvG 或 jackwanders 提到的数组，否则至少重用现有变量。您可以像这样轻松地做到这一点：

qwe  = qwe.replace(new RegExp("á", "g"), "á");
qwe  = qwe.replace(new RegExp("Á", "g"), "Á");