假设我们有一个看起来像的数据框
set.seed(7302012)
county <- rep(letters[1:4], each=2)
state <- rep(LETTERS[1], times=8)
industry <- rep(c("construction", "manufacturing"), 4)
employment <- round(rnorm(8, 100, 50), 0)
establishments <- round(rnorm(8, 20, 5), 0)
data <- data.frame(state, county, industry, employment, establishments)
state county industry employment establishments
1 A a construction 146 19
2 A a manufacturing 110 20
3 A b construction 121 10
4 A b manufacturing 90 27
5 A c construction 197 18
6 A c manufacturing 73 29
7 A d construction 98 30
8 A d manufacturing 102 19
我们想重新调整它,使每一行代表一个(州和)县,而不是一个县工业,具有列construction.employment
、construction.establishments
和类似的制造版本。什么是有效的方法来做到这一点?
一种方法是子集
construction <- data[data$industry == "construction", ]
names(construction)[4:5] <- c("construction.employment", "construction.establishments")
同样对于制造业,然后进行合并。如果只有两个行业,这还不错,但想象一下有 14 个;这个过程会变得乏味(尽管通过for
在 的级别上使用循环来减少这种情况industry
)。
还有其他想法吗?