13

我正在用 JavaScript 设计一些类层次结构。到目前为止它工作正常,但我看不出如何确定一个对象是否是父类的“实例”。例子:

function BaseObject(name){
    this.name = name;

    this.sayWhoAmI = function(){
        console.log(this.name + ' is a Derivation1 : ' + (this instanceof Derivation1));
        console.log(this.name + ' is a Derivation2 : ' + (this instanceof Derivation2));
        console.log(this.name + ' is a BaseObject : ' + (this instanceof BaseObject));
    };
}
function Derivation1(){
    BaseObject.apply(this, ['first derivation']);
}
function Derivation2(){
    BaseObject.apply(this, ['second derivation']);
}

var first = new Derivation1();
var second = new Derivation2();

first.sayWhoAmI();记录这个:

first derivation is a Derivation1 : true
first derivation is a Derivation2 : false
first derivation is a BaseObject : false

同时second.sayWhoAmI();记录:

second derivation is a Derivation1 : false
second derivation is a Derivation2 : true
second derivation is a BaseObject : false

我觉得firstsecondobject 都应该说它们是BaseObject.

我知道 JavaScript 可能不是为此而设计的,但我想知道是否有办法实现这一点。

4

1 回答 1

11

仅调用Base.apply(...)不会设置继承。所做.apply的只是设置this第一个参数,仅此而已。调用父构造函数很重要,但这还不够。

您要做的是正确设置原型链。也就是说,您必须设置Derivation1.prototype为继承自Base.prototype.

由于构造函数的每个实例都继承自构造函数的原型,因此您将看到如下代码

Derivation1.prototype = new Base();

这是一个坏主意,您已经可以看到原因:Base期望参数来设置实例特定的属性(name在这种情况下)。但是我们并不关心这些属性,因为我们稍后会在子构造函数中使用Base.apply(this, ...).

所以我们所需要的只是一个继承自的对象Base.prototype,幸运的是,ECMASCript 5 定义了一个可以为我们做到这一点的函数(polyfill):

 Derivation1.prototype = Object.create(Base.prototype);

这将创建一个继承自 的新对象Base.prototype。现在,由于您用新对象替换了原始原型,因此您必须设置constructor属性以使其正确指向Derivation1

Derivation1.prototype.constructor = Derivation1;

下面是一个完整的例子。还可以看看这个小提琴TJ Crowder 的这个出色的答案,它解释了基本相同的问题,但可能以更好的方式。


示例

function BaseObject(name){
    this.name = name;
}

// move properties shared by all instances to the prototype!
BaseObject.prototype.sayWhoAmI = function() {
    console.log(this.name + ' is a Derivation1 : ' + (this instanceof Derivation1));
    console.log(this.name + ' is a Derivation2 : ' + (this instanceof Derivation2));
    console.log(this.name + ' is a BaseObject : ' + (this instanceof BaseObject));
};

function Derivation1(){
    BaseObject.apply(this, ['first derivation']);
}

Derivation1.prototype = Object.create(BaseObject.prototype);
Derivation1.prototype.constructor = Derivation1;

// some useless method of the child "class"
Derivation1.prototype.someOtherMethod = function() {
    return 42;
};

var first = new Derivation1();
first.sayWhoAmI();

​</p>

于 2012-07-26T12:13:39.967 回答