excel - 使用 Bash 写入 Excel 工作表

Question

是否可以从 bash 脚本写入 excel 表（任何类型）？

我正在寻找的是这些方面的东西：

sed -e :a -e '$!N; s/\n/ /; ta' file.c > #( first coloumn ,second row of the spread sheet ) 
echo "$cdvar" > #( second coloumn ,third row of the spread sheet ) 

感谢您的回复和建议。

Answer 1

bash您可以通过, perl, , ..编写 excel python。我认为每种程序语言都有其解决方案。

重击

您可以使用joinor awk，我认为还有其他解决方案。

加入

如果您想join使用同一列的文件，请查看以下帖子：Bash join command and join in bash like in SAS

awk

您可以编写一个 csv，但您可以rename输入xls然后使用 excel、gnumeric 或其他程序，它会像 xls 一样被识别。

ls -R -ltr / | head -50 | awk '{if ($5 >0) print $5,$9}' OFS="," > sample.xls

当你用 excel、gnumeric 或其他程序修改 xls 并保存在 xls 中时，你无法通过 bash 读取。所以@Geekasaur 推荐perl或python解决方案。

perl

您可以用xlsperl 编写，遵循示例：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
my $workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("test.xls"); 
my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
open(FH,"<file") or die "Cannot open file: $!\n";
my ($x,$y) = (0,0);
while (<FH>){ 
 chomp;
 @list = split /\s+/,$_;
 foreach my $c (@list){
    $worksheet->write($x, $y++, $c);     
 }
 $x++;$y=0;
}
close(FH);
$workbook->close();

然后您可以xls使用Spreadsheet::ParseExcel包进行修改：看看如何使用 Perl 修改现有的 Excel 工作簿？以及读写示例【编者按：此链接已损坏，已向IBM报告】

Python

您可以在 python 中编写真实xls的，遵循示例：

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# Tool to convert CSV files (with configurable delimiter and text wrap
# character) to Excel spreadsheets.
import string
import sys
import getopt
import re
import os
import os.path
import csv
from pyExcelerator import *

def usage():
  """ Display the usage """
  print "Usage:" + sys.argv[0] + " [OPTIONS] csvfile"
  print "OPTIONS:"
  print "--title|-t: If set, the first line is the title line"
  print "--lines|-l n: Split output into files of n lines or less each"
  print "--sep|-s c [def:,] : The character to use for field delimiter"
  print "--output|o : output file name/pattern"
  print "--help|h : print this information"
  sys.exit(2)

def openExcelSheet(outputFileName):
  """ Opens a reference to an Excel WorkBook and Worksheet objects """
  workbook = Workbook()
  worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("Sheet 1")
  return workbook, worksheet

def writeExcelHeader(worksheet, titleCols):
  """ Write the header line into the worksheet """
  cno = 0
  for titleCol in titleCols:
    worksheet.write(0, cno, titleCol)
    cno = cno + 1

def writeExcelRow(worksheet, lno, columns):
  """ Write a non-header row into the worksheet """
  cno = 0
  for column in columns:
    worksheet.write(lno, cno, column)
    cno = cno + 1

def closeExcelSheet(workbook, outputFileName):
  """ Saves the in-memory WorkBook object into the specified file """
  workbook.save(outputFileName)

def getDefaultOutputFileName(inputFileName):
  """ Returns the name of the default output file based on the value
      of the input file. The default output file is always created in
      the current working directory. This can be overriden using the
      -o or --output option to explicitly specify an output file """
  baseName = os.path.basename(inputFileName)
  rootName = os.path.splitext(baseName)[0]
  return string.join([rootName, "xls"], '.')

def renameOutputFile(outputFileName, fno):
  """ Renames the output file name by appending the current file number
      to it """
  dirName, baseName = os.path.split(outputFileName)
  rootName, extName = os.path.splitext(baseName)
  backupFileBaseName = string.join([string.join([rootName, str(fno)], '-'), extName], '')
  backupFileName = os.path.join(dirName, backupFileBaseName)
  try:
    os.rename(outputFileName, backupFileName)
  except OSError:
    print "Error renaming output file:", outputFileName, "to", backupFileName, "...aborting"
    sys.exit(-1)

def validateOpts(opts):
  """ Returns option values specified, or the default if none """
  titlePresent = False
  linesPerFile = -1
  outputFileName = ""
  sepChar = ","
  for option, argval in opts:
    if (option in ("-t", "--title")):
      titlePresent = True
    if (option in ("-l", "--lines")):
      linesPerFile = int(argval)
    if (option in ("-s", "--sep")):
      sepChar = argval
    if (option in ("-o", "--output")):
      outputFileName = argval
    if (option in ("-h", "--help")):
      usage()
  return titlePresent, linesPerFile, sepChar, outputFileName

def main():
  """ This is how we are called """
  try:
    opts,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "tl:s:o:h", ["title", "lines=", "sep=", "output=", "help"])
  except getopt.GetoptError:
    usage()
  if (len(args) != 1):
    usage()
  inputFileName = args[0]
  try:
    inputFile = open(inputFileName, 'r')
  except IOError:
    print "File not found:", inputFileName, "...aborting"
    sys.exit(-1)
  titlePresent, linesPerFile, sepChar, outputFileName = validateOpts(opts)
  if (outputFileName == ""):
    outputFileName = getDefaultOutputFileName(inputFileName)
  workbook, worksheet = openExcelSheet(outputFileName)
  fno = 0
  lno = 0
  titleCols = []
  reader = csv.reader(inputFile, delimiter=sepChar)
  for line in reader:
    if (lno == 0 and titlePresent):
      if (len(titleCols) == 0):
        titleCols = line
      writeExcelHeader(worksheet, titleCols)
    else:
      writeExcelRow(worksheet, lno, line)
    lno = lno + 1
    if (linesPerFile != -1 and lno >= linesPerFile):
      closeExcelSheet(workbook, outputFileName)
      renameOutputFile(outputFileName, fno)
      fno = fno + 1
      lno = 0
      workbook, worksheet = openExcelSheet(outputFileName)
  inputFile.close()
  closeExcelSheet(workbook, outputFileName)
  if (fno > 0):
    renameOutputFile(outputFileName, fno)

if __name__ == "__main__":
  main()

然后你也可以使用这个sourceforge 项目convert来 csv 。如果你可以转换为 csv，你可以重写 xls.. 修改脚本。

Answer 2

您可以通过首先创建一个 R 脚本 (xsltocsv)，然后从您的 Bash 文件中调用它来轻松地做到这一点。

R 脚本看起来像：

#!/usr/bin/Rscript

suppressMessages(library("gdata"))
suppressMessages(library("argparse"))

#. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

parser <- ArgumentParser(
description = "A script to convert a given xsl file to a csv one"
)

parser$add_argument(
  '-rn',
  '--print-row-names',
  action = 'store_true',
  help = 'outputs row names in the output csv file'
)

parser$add_argument(
  '-cn',
  '--print-column-names',
  action = 'store_true',
  help = 'outputs column names in the output csv file'
)

parser$add_argument(
  '-s',
  '--separator',
  metavar='separator',
  type='character',
  default=';',
  action = 'store',
  help = 'outputs column names in the output csv file'
)

parser$add_argument(
  "xsl",
  metavar = "xsl-file",
  action = "store",
  help = "xsl input file"
)

parser$add_argument(
  "csv",
  metavar = "csv-file",
  action = "store",
  help = "csv output file"
)

args <- parser$parse_args(commandArgs(TRUE))


#. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vals <- read.xls(args$xsl)

write.table(n, file=args$csv, quote = FALSE,         
    col.names=args$print_column_names, 
    row.names=args$print_row_names, sep=args$separator)

假设您在使文件可执行（chmod +x xsltocsv）后将其放入系统路径。然后，调用这个脚本并传递相关参数，你就可以开始了；）