sql - 如何使用 SQL Server 列出文件夹内的文件

Question

如何在不使用xp_cmdshell存储过程的情况下列出 SQL Server 中文件夹内的文件？

Answer 1

您可以使用xp_dirtree

它需要三个参数：

根目录的路径，要 获取文件和文件夹的深度，最后一个用于仅显示文件夹或同时显示文件夹和文件。

例子：EXEC xp_dirtree 'C:\', 2, 1

Answer 2

可以使用 xp_DirTree 完成，然后在需要时循环生成完整的文件路径。

这是我用来自动将数据库恢复到测试服务器的脚本的摘录。它扫描文件夹和所有子文件夹以查找任何备份文件，然后返回完整路径。

---

  DECLARE @BackupDirectory SYSNAME = @BackupFolder

  IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#DirTree') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #DirTree

  CREATE TABLE #DirTree (
    Id int identity(1,1),
    SubDirectory nvarchar(255),
    Depth smallint,
    FileFlag bit,
    ParentDirectoryID int
   )

   INSERT INTO #DirTree (SubDirectory, Depth, FileFlag)
   EXEC master..xp_dirtree @BackupDirectory, 10, 1

   UPDATE #DirTree
   SET ParentDirectoryID = (
    SELECT MAX(Id) FROM #DirTree d2
    WHERE Depth = d.Depth - 1 AND d2.Id < d.Id
   )
   FROM #DirTree d

  DECLARE 
    @ID INT,
    @BackupFile VARCHAR(MAX),
    @Depth TINYINT,
    @FileFlag BIT,
    @ParentDirectoryID INT,
    @wkSubParentDirectoryID INT,
    @wkSubDirectory VARCHAR(MAX)

  DECLARE @BackupFiles TABLE
  (
    FileNamePath VARCHAR(MAX),
    TransLogFlag BIT,
    BackupFile VARCHAR(MAX),    
    DatabaseName VARCHAR(MAX)
  )

  DECLARE FileCursor CURSOR LOCAL FORWARD_ONLY FOR
  SELECT * FROM #DirTree WHERE FileFlag = 1

  OPEN FileCursor
  FETCH NEXT FROM FileCursor INTO 
    @ID,
    @BackupFile,
    @Depth,
    @FileFlag,
    @ParentDirectoryID  

  SET @wkSubParentDirectoryID = @ParentDirectoryID

  WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
  BEGIN
    --loop to generate path in reverse, starting with backup file then prefixing subfolders in a loop
    WHILE @wkSubParentDirectoryID IS NOT NULL
    BEGIN
      SELECT @wkSubDirectory = SubDirectory, @wkSubParentDirectoryID = ParentDirectoryID 
      FROM #DirTree 
      WHERE ID = @wkSubParentDirectoryID

      SELECT @BackupFile = @wkSubDirectory + '\' + @BackupFile
    END

    --no more subfolders in loop so now prefix the root backup folder
    SELECT @BackupFile = @BackupDirectory + @BackupFile

    --put backupfile into a table and then later work out which ones are log and full backups  
    INSERT INTO @BackupFiles (FileNamePath) VALUES(@BackupFile)

    FETCH NEXT FROM FileCursor INTO 
      @ID,
      @BackupFile,
      @Depth,
      @FileFlag,
      @ParentDirectoryID 

    SET @wkSubParentDirectoryID = @ParentDirectoryID      
  END

  CLOSE FileCursor
  DEALLOCATE FileCursor

Answer 3

为避免授予所需的系统管理员权限xp_dirtree，请改为执行以下操作：

SQLCLR

创建一个具有外部访问权限的SQLCLR程序集，该程序集将文件列表作为结果集返回。有很多例子可以说明如何做到这一点。

这是使用纯 SQL创建 SQLCLR 的方法；这是乔纳森·凯哈亚斯的。完整的解释。

（安装后，这样称呼它SELECT * FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)：）

用于创建目录列表功能的 SQL 脚本

/*
-- To uninstall:
USE [master]
GO
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[os_directory_info]
DROP ASSEMBLY SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser
DROP USER SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
DROP LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin 
DROP ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey
GO
*/

/*
* This script creates a function that lists the contents of the given directory.
* It uses a .NET CLR instead of the unsecure option of using xp_cmdshell or xp_dirtree which require sysadmin priveleges.
* It is the handywork of Jonathan Kehayias. You can find the complete explanation and source code here: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/trading-in-xp_cmdshell-for-sqlclr-part-1-list-directory-contents
* 
* Once installed, call the function using something like:
*     SELECT *
*     FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)
*/

-- Enable Common Language Runtimes (.NET code plugins)
-- (Microsoft Docs on this: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/clr-integration/clr-integration-enabling?view=sql-server-ver15)
EXEC sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;  
RECONFIGURE;  
GO 

USE [master]
GO

/****** Object:  SqlAssembly [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]    Script Date: 01/23/2009 22:19:49 ******/
IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.assemblies asms WHERE asms.name = N'SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser')
DROP ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]

GO

/****** Object:  SqlAssembly [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]    Script Date: 01/23/2009 22:19:49 ******/
CREATE ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
-- Hexadecimal representation of Precompiled Binary below. (Source code here: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/trading-in-xp_cmdshell-for-sqlclr-part-1-list-directory-contents)
FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE

GO

-- Create the Asymmetric Key from the Assembly. (More about `CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY`: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-asymmetric-key-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15#:~:text=An%20asymmetric%20key%20is%20a,generates%20a%20new%20key%20pair.&text=The%20private%20key%20can%20be,1024%2C%20or%202048%20bits%20long.)
CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey 
FROM ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]
GO

-- Create the Login from the Asymmetric Key
CREATE LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin 
FROM ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey
GO

-- Grant the External Access Privilege to the Login
GRANT EXTERNAL ACCESS ASSEMBLY TO SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin 
GO

-- Create the database user for Authorization on the Assembly
CREATE USER SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin FOR LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
GO

-- Set Authorization to the Database User
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON ASSEMBLY::[SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser] TO SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
GO

-- Set the Assembly for External Access
ALTER ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser] WITH PERMISSION_SET = EXTERNAL_ACCESS
GO

-- Create the TSQL Function that maps to the Assembly
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[os_directory_info](@path [nvarchar](max), @filter [nvarchar](100) = null)
RETURNS  TABLE (
    [name] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
    [is_directory] [bit] NULL,
    [size_in_bytes] [bigint] NULL,
    [create_date] [datetime] NULL,
    [last_written_to] [datetime] NULL,
    [last_accessed] [datetime] NULL,
    [attributes] [nvarchar](max) NULL
) WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS 
EXTERNAL NAME [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser].[UserDefinedFunctions].[os_directory_info]

/*
You can now run this function using something like
    SELECT *
    FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)
*/

原始文章：为 SQLCLR 交易 xp_cmdshell（第 1 部分）- 列出目录内容

和的一些主要好处：xp_cmdshellxp_dirtree

• 运行时不需要系统管理员权限。
• 功能消失的风险不会因为它没有被记录在案。
• 有限的攻击面

---

另一个例子：又一个 TVF：从目录返回文件

Answer 4

如果您愿意，可以使用 CLR 函数/程序集来实现此目的。

1. 创建 SQL Server CLR 程序集项目。
2. 转到属性并确保连接上的权限级别设置为外部
3. 向程序集添加一个 Sql 函数。

这是一个示例，可让您像表格一样选择结果集。

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
    [SqlFunction(DataAccess = DataAccessKind.Read,
        FillRowMethodName = "GetFiles_FillRow", TableDefinition = "FilePath nvarchar(4000)")]
    public static IEnumerable GetFiles(SqlString path)
    {
        return System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(path.ToString()).Select(s => new SqlString(s));
    }

    public static void GetFiles_FillRow(object obj,out SqlString filePath)
    {
        filePath = (SqlString)obj;
    }
};

还有你的 SQL 查询。

use MyDb

select * From GetFiles('C:\Temp\');

但请注意，您的数据库需要使用以下 SQL 命令启用 CLR 程序集功能。

sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO

默认情况下禁用CLR 程序集（如XP_CMDShell），因此如果不使用 XP Cmd Shell 的原因是因为您没有权限，那么您也可能会被此选项卡住……仅供参考。

Answer 5

我找了很长时间才找到一个简单的解决方案，最后发现了一些非常复杂的 CLR 解决方案，因此决定编写我自己的简单 VB 解决方案。只需从已安装模板下的数据库选项卡创建一个新的 VB CLR 项目，然后添加一个新的SQL CLR VB 用户定义函数。我将其重命名为CLRGetFilesInDir.vb。这是里面的代码...

Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.Sql
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Server
Imports System.IO
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Class CLRFilesInDir
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<SqlFunction(FillRowMethodName:="FillRowFiles", IsDeterministic:=True, IsPrecise:=True, TableDefinition:="FilePath nvarchar(4000)")> _
Public Shared Function GetFiles(PathName As SqlString, Pattern As SqlString) As IEnumerable
    Dim FileNames As String()

    Try
    FileNames = Directory.GetFiles(PathName, Pattern, SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly)
    Catch
        FileNames = Nothing
    End Try

    Return FileNames

End Function
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Shared Sub FillRowFiles(ByVal obj As Object, ByRef Val As SqlString)
    Val = CType(obj, String).ToString
End Sub

End Class

我还将项目属性窗口中的程序集名称更改为CLRExcelFiles，并将默认命名空间更改为CLRGetExcelFiles。

注意：如果您使用的不是 SQL Server 2012，请将目标框架设置为 3.5。

编译项目，然后将 CLRExcelFiles.dll 从 \bin\release 复制到SQL Server 机器上的C:\temp 之类的地方，而不是您自己的。

在 SSMS 中：-

CREATE ASSEMBLY <your assembly name in here - anything you like>
FROM 'C:\temp\CLRExcelFiles.dll';

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnGetFiles
(
@PathName NVARCHAR(MAX),
@Pattern NVARCHAR(MAX)
)
RETURNS TABLE (Val NVARCHAR(100))
AS
EXTERNAL NAME <your assembly name>."CLRGetExcelFiles.CLRFilesInDir".GetFiles;
GO

然后调用它

SELECT * FROM dbo.fnGetFiles('\\<SERVERNAME>\<$SHARE>\<folder>\' , '*.xls')

注意：即使我在项目属性下的 SQLCLR 选项卡上将权限级别更改为 EXTERNAL_ACCESS，我仍然需要在每次（重新）创建它时运行它。

ALTER ASSEMBLY [CLRFilesInDirAssembly] 
WITH PERMISSION_SET = EXTERNAL_ACCESS 
GO

和乌拉！那应该工作。

Answer 6

非常简单，只需使用 SQLCMD 语法。

记得在 SSMS 中启用 SQLCMD 模式，在 Query -> SQLCMD Mode 下查看

尝试执行：

!!目录
!!:GO

或者也许：
!!DIR "c:/temp"
!!:GO