我目前正在尝试用 C# 开发一个国际象棋引擎。感谢在我之前的帖子中给我的详细答案，我现在正在研究如何将位板系统应用于我的游戏结构。原则上，我再次尝试将一些面向对象的设计应用于这个新的引擎概念，但现在我有一些未解决的问题：
我想实现一个基于 UInt64 字段的位板结构来抽象该概念，可能提供 GetFirstBit() 或 Shift(..) 甚至 PopCount(..) 之类的方法，但我不知道这会如何影响性能和内存分配。由于引用副本，一个类会更好地提高性能，还是对于一个如此小的对象堆只会使事情复杂化？
我什至会实现一个索引器来像普通数组一样输入单个位，这会浪费资源还是一个好主意（对于国际象棋引擎）？
我试图尽量减少对我的项目的更改，但我意识到我的所有片段层次结构以及我的 Move 和 Square 类都将被搁置并且永远不会使用更多......我应该放弃那个设计，还是我可以重用这些类不知何故？
这是我想在我的引擎中实现的原型：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Chess_Engine___NOGUI
{
public struct BitBoard
{
public UInt64 bitBoard;
public BitBoard(UInt64 board)
{
bitBoard = board;
}
public static implicit operator BitBoard(UInt64 board)
{
return new BitBoard(board);
}
public static implicit operator UInt64(BitBoard board)
{
return board.bitBoard;
}
public static BitBoard operator <<(BitBoard board, int shift)
{
return board.bitBoard << shift;
}
public static BitBoard operator >>(BitBoard board, int shift)
{
return board.bitBoard >> shift;
}
public static BitBoard operator &(BitBoard a, BitBoard b)
{
return a.bitBoard & b.bitBoard;
}
public static BitBoard operator |(BitBoard a, BitBoard b)
{
return a.bitBoard | b.bitBoard;
}
public static BitBoard operator ^(BitBoard a, BitBoard b)
{
return a.bitBoard ^ b.bitBoard;
}
public static BitBoard operator ~(BitBoard a)
{
return ~a.bitBoard;
}
}
}
在这里，我想保存的课程......
这是我的移动课：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Chess_Engine___NOGUI
{
class NullMove : Move
{
public NullMove()
: base(null, null, null)
{
}
}
class Move
{
public string Algebraic
{
get
{
return ToAlgebraic();
}
} // JUST FOR DEBUG
public Square FromSquare { get; set; }
public Square ToSquare { get; set; }
public Piece PieceMoved { get; set; }
public Piece PieceCaptured { get; set; }
public PieceType PiecePromoted { get; set; }
public bool HasPromoted
{
get
{
return PiecePromoted != PieceType.None;
}
}
public bool IsEnpassant { get; set; }
public bool HasCaptured
{
get
{
if (PieceCaptured != null)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
public bool IsCastling
{
get
{
return IsLongCastling || IsShortCastling;
}
}
public bool IsLongCastling
{
get
{
if (PieceMoved is King)
{
if (FromSquare.X - ToSquare.X == 2)
return true;
else
return false;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
public bool IsShortCastling
{
get
{
if (PieceMoved is King)
{
if (FromSquare.X - ToSquare.X == -2)
return true;
else
return false;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
public bool IsCheck { get; set; }
public bool IsCheckMate { get; set; }
public bool IsDoublePawnPush
{
get
{
if (PieceMoved.Type == PieceType.Pawn)
if (!HasCaptured)
if (ToSquare.X == FromSquare.X)
if (SideMove == PieceColor.White)
{
if (ToSquare.Y - FromSquare.Y == 2)
return true;
}
else
{
if (ToSquare.Y - FromSquare.Y == -2)
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
public PieceColor SideMove
{
get
{
return PieceMoved.Color;
}
}
public Piece RookMoved { get; set; }
public Square KingPosition { get; set; }
public Square RookPosition { get; set; }
public float Score { get; set; }
public Move(Square fromSquare, Square toSquare, Piece pieceMoved, PieceType piecePromoted = PieceType.None)
{
this.FromSquare = fromSquare;
this.ToSquare = toSquare;
this.PieceMoved = pieceMoved;
this.PiecePromoted = piecePromoted;
}
public static bool operator ==(Move a, Move b)
{
return a.Equals(b);
}
public static bool operator !=(Move a, Move b)
{
return !a.Equals(b);
}
public override bool Equals(object other)
{
if (other is Move)
{
Move compare = (Move)other;
return (this.FromSquare == compare.FromSquare && this.ToSquare == compare.ToSquare);
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return base.GetHashCode();
}
public string ToAlgebraic()
{
StringBuilder algebraic = new StringBuilder();
if (IsCastling) // se e` una mossa di arrocco
{
if (IsShortCastling)
algebraic.Append("O-O"); // arrocco corto
else
algebraic.Append("O-O-O"); // arrocco lungo
}
else
{
algebraic.Append(FromSquare.ToAlgebraic());
if (HasCaptured)
algebraic.Append("x"); // cattura
algebraic.Append(ToSquare.ToAlgebraic());
}
if (HasPromoted)
algebraic.Append(PiecePromoted.GetInitial());
if (IsCheck)
if (IsCheckMate)
algebraic.Append("#"); // scacco matto
else
algebraic.Append("+"); // scacco
return algebraic.ToString();
}
}
}
这是我的 Square 课程：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Chess_Engine___NOGUI
{
sealed class Square
{
public int X { get; set; }
public int Y { get; set; }
public Square(int x, int y)
{
this.X = x;
this.Y = y;
}
public static implicit operator Square(string str)
{
// converte la notazione algebrica (es. a1) in coordinate decimali
str = str.ToLower(); // converte la stringa in minuscolo
int x = (int)(str[0] - 'a');
int y = (int)(str[1] - '1');
return new Square(x, y);
}
public static bool operator ==(Square a, Square b)
{
if (System.Object.ReferenceEquals(a, b))
{
return true;
}
if (((object)a == null) || ((object)b == null))
{
return false;
}
if (a is Square)
{
Square compare = (Square)b;
return (a.X == compare.X && a.Y == compare.Y);
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
public static bool operator !=(Square a, Square b)
{
return !(a == b);
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
return base.Equals(obj);
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return base.GetHashCode();
}
public string ToAlgebraic()
{
string str = "";
str += (char)(this.X + 97);
str += (this.Y + 1).ToString();
return str;
}
}
}
这是我的抽象 Piece 类：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Chess_Engine___NOGUI
{
public enum PieceType { None, Pawn, Knight, Bishop, Rook, Queen, King }
public enum PieceColor { None, White, Black }
public static class Extensions
{
public static PieceColor GetOpposite(this PieceColor color)
{
if (color == PieceColor.White)
return PieceColor.Black;
if (color == PieceColor.Black)
return PieceColor.White;
else
return PieceColor.None;
}
public static char GetInitial(this PieceType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case PieceType.Bishop:
return 'B';
case PieceType.King:
return 'K';
case PieceType.Knight:
return 'N';
case PieceType.Pawn:
return 'P';
case PieceType.Queen:
return 'Q';
case PieceType.Rook:
return 'R';
default:
return ' ';
}
}
}
abstract class Piece
{
public char Notation { get; set; }
protected List<Move> movesList;
public Square startingSquare { get; set; }
public Square square { get; protected set; }
public Square lastSquare { get; set; }
public PieceType Type { get; set; }
public PieceColor Color { get; set; }
public virtual bool AlreadyBeenMoved
{
get
{
return square != startingSquare;
}
}
public Piece(Square square, PieceColor color)
{
this.startingSquare = square;
this.square = square;
this.lastSquare = square;
this.Color = color;
this.movesList = new List<Move>();
}
public void Move(Square destination)
{
square = destination; // aggiorna la posizione attuale
}
public bool ShouldUpdateMoves()
{
if (lastSquare == square) // se il pezzo non si e` mosso
{
if (movesList.Count > 0)
return false;
}
else
{
lastSquare = square;
movesList.Clear();
}
return true;
}
public abstract List<Move> GetMoves();
}
}
我想强调的是，这里获得正确答案的一些非常重要的因素是速度优化和面向对象的设计。
谢谢大家 ：）