我试图找出在我们的局域网中哪些设备在线,哪些设备离线。
我见过许多程序在做一种图形化的网络概览,显示 LAN IP 和 MAC 地址。
我想知道是否以及如何从中提取这些(ARP?)信息C#/.NET
?
如果您知道那里有哪些设备,您可以使用Ping 类。这将允许您至少填写 ARP 表。如果需要,您始终可以执行 ARP -a 并解析输出。这里还有一个链接,显示了如何通过 pinvoke 调用GetIpNetTable。我在下面包含了 Ping 类的示例以及如何使用 GetIpNetTable 访问 ARP 表。
这是 Ping 类的示例
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Text;
namespace Examples.System.Net.NetworkInformation.PingTest
{
public class PingExample
{
// args[0] can be an IPaddress or host name.
public static void Main (string[] args)
{
Ping pingSender = new Ping ();
PingOptions options = new PingOptions ();
// Use the default Ttl value which is 128,
// but change the fragmentation behavior.
options.DontFragment = true;
// Create a buffer of 32 bytes of data to be transmitted.
string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes (data);
int timeout = 120;
PingReply reply = pingSender.Send (args[0], timeout, buffer, options);
if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
{
Console.WriteLine ("Address: {0}", reply.Address.ToString ());
Console.WriteLine ("RoundTrip time: {0}", reply.RoundtripTime);
Console.WriteLine ("Time to live: {0}", reply.Options.Ttl);
Console.WriteLine ("Don't fragment: {0}", reply.Options.DontFragment);
Console.WriteLine ("Buffer size: {0}", reply.Buffer.Length);
}
}
}
}
这是 GetIpNetTable 的一个示例。
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Net;
namespace GetIpNetTable
{
class Program
{
// The max number of physical addresses.
const int MAXLEN_PHYSADDR = 8;
// Define the MIB_IPNETROW structure.
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct MIB_IPNETROW
{
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
public int dwIndex;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
public int dwPhysAddrLen;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac0;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac1;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac2;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac3;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac4;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac5;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac6;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac7;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
public int dwAddr;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
public int dwType;
}
// Declare the GetIpNetTable function.
[DllImport("IpHlpApi.dll")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
static extern int GetIpNetTable(
IntPtr pIpNetTable,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
ref int pdwSize,
bool bOrder);
[DllImport("IpHlpApi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
internal static extern int FreeMibTable(IntPtr plpNetTable);
// The insufficient buffer error.
const int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = 122;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// The number of bytes needed.
int bytesNeeded = 0;
// The result from the API call.
int result = GetIpNetTable(IntPtr.Zero, ref bytesNeeded, false);
// Call the function, expecting an insufficient buffer.
if (result != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
{
// Throw an exception.
throw new Win32Exception(result);
}
// Allocate the memory, do it in a try/finally block, to ensure
// that it is released.
IntPtr buffer = IntPtr.Zero;
// Try/finally.
try
{
// Allocate the memory.
buffer = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(bytesNeeded);
// Make the call again. If it did not succeed, then
// raise an error.
result = GetIpNetTable(buffer, ref bytesNeeded, false);
// If the result is not 0 (no error), then throw an exception.
if (result != 0)
{
// Throw an exception.
throw new Win32Exception(result);
}
// Now we have the buffer, we have to marshal it. We can read
// the first 4 bytes to get the length of the buffer.
int entries = Marshal.ReadInt32(buffer);
// Increment the memory pointer by the size of the int.
IntPtr currentBuffer = new IntPtr(buffer.ToInt64() +
Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(int)));
// Allocate an array of entries.
MIB_IPNETROW[] table = new MIB_IPNETROW[entries];
// Cycle through the entries.
for (int index = 0; index < entries; index++)
{
// Call PtrToStructure, getting the structure information.
table[index] = (MIB_IPNETROW) Marshal.PtrToStructure(new
IntPtr(currentBuffer.ToInt64() + (index *
Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(MIB_IPNETROW)))), typeof(MIB_IPNETROW));
}
for (int index = 0; index < entries; index++)
{
MIB_IPNETROW row = table[index];
IPAddress ip=new IPAddress(BitConverter.GetBytes(row.dwAddr));
Console.Write("IP:"+ip.ToString()+"\t\tMAC:");
Console.Write( row.mac0.ToString("X2") + '-');
Console.Write( row.mac1.ToString("X2") + '-');
Console.Write( row.mac2.ToString("X2") + '-');
Console.Write( row.mac3.ToString("X2") + '-');
Console.Write( row.mac4.ToString("X2") + '-');
Console.WriteLine( row.mac5.ToString("X2"));
}
}
finally
{
// Release the memory.
FreeMibTable(buffer);
}
}
}
}
我有一个类似的问题,想获得 MAC 地址,给定一个 Asp.Net Core 项目的 IP 地址。我希望它也能在 Windows 和 linux 上工作。由于我发现没有易于使用的解决方案,我决定自己创建一个名为 ArpLookup 的小型库( NuGet )。
它能够将macs分配给windows和linux上的ips。在 Windows 上,它使用IpHlpApi.SendARP
api。在 linux 上,它从/proc/net/arp
. 如果它没有找到 ip,它会尝试 ping 它(以使操作系统执行 arp 请求),然后再次查看 arp 缓存。这无需任何依赖项(托管或非托管)且无需启动进程并解析其标准输出等即可工作。
Windows 版本不是异步的,因为底层 API 不是。由于 linux 版本是真正的异步(用于 arp 缓存的异步文件 io + corefx 异步 ping api),我决定无论如何提供一个异步 api 并Task
在 windows 上返回一个完成的。
它很容易使用。此处提供了一个真实世界的使用示例。
这是在 windows 上查找 ARP 以映射 IP -> MAC 地址的摘录:
internal static class ArpLookupService
{
/// <summary>
/// Call ApHlpApi.SendARP to lookup the mac address on windows-based systems.
/// </summary>
/// <exception cref="Win32Exception">If IpHlpApi.SendARP returns non-zero.</exception>
public static PhysicalAddress Lookup(IPAddress ip)
{
if (ip == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ip));
int destIp = BitConverter.ToInt32(ip.GetAddressBytes(), 0);
var addr = new byte[6];
var len = addr.Length;
var res = NativeMethods.SendARP(destIp, 0, addr, ref len);
if (res == 0)
return new PhysicalAddress(addr);
throw new Win32Exception(res);
}
private static class NativeMethods
{
private const string IphlpApi = "iphlpapi.dll";
[DllImport(IphlpApi, ExactSpelling = true)]
[SecurityCritical]
internal static extern int SendARP(int destinationIp, int sourceIp, byte[] macAddress, ref int physicalAddrLength);
}
}
在 Linux 上实现相同的代码可以在这里找到。我上面链接的库添加了一个薄抽象层,它提供了一个单一的跨平台方法来进行像这样的 arp 查找。
就我而言,我想查看网络上的所有 ARP 广播流量,以检测网络上广播冲突 IP 和 MAC 地址的设备。我发现“arp -a”轮询实现会导致信息陈旧,这使得检测 IP 地址冲突特别具有挑战性。例如,两台设备正在响应 ARP 请求,但由于一个响应总是较晚到达,它会将较早的响应隐藏在“arp -a”表中。
我使用SharpPcap创建了一个带有 ARP 流量捕获过滤器的捕获服务。然后我使用Packet.Net来解析 ARP 数据包。最后,当数据包进入时,我会记录并生成有关 IP 和 MAC 地址冲突的警报。